callback({ "items" : [ { "publisher" : "Twayne Publishers", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:15b0121d3c63f4003d09b0311b1222ab", "date" : "1997", "author" : "Reid, Suzanne Elizabeth", "keywords" : [ "Always Coming Home", "collective {power", "Dispossessed", "Hainish", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} {Guin", "Left} Hand of Darkness" ], "comment" : "Although the section of this book which focuses on The Lathe of Heaven is relatively brief, the focus on collective power in the book aids an argument which analyzes power in the text. Reid notes that Dr. Haber is a \"doer, a dominating Faustian who can barely suppress his impulse to interfere\" who \"cannot resist taking control\" when he realizes {\"Orr\'s} power\" (56). He goes on to analyze that \"although it is against {[Heather\'s]} nature to play God, she cannot resist trying to set things straight by hypnotically suggesting that Orr dream Haber into an honest, kind man and dream the Aliens off the moon\" (57). Thus, Reid assesses the three major characters access to and use of power in the text, suggesting further that the novel reflects \"would-be benevolent dictators whose ideas sound sensible but ignore the delicate complexity of our world\" (58).", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1997", "label" : "Presenting Ursula K. Le Guin", "address" : "New York", "key" : "suzanne_elizabeth_reid_presenting_1997" }, { "publisher" : "National University Publications", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:834cf6ec6f85cef70a3cb50d72d4c8b5", "date" : "1979", "author" : "Bolt, Joe De", "keywords" : [ "{biography", "home", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "rhetoric", "science", "science fiction", "voyage" ], "year" : "1979", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Ursula K. Le Guin: Voyager to Inner Lands and to Outer Space", "address" : "London", "key" : "joe_de_bolt_ursula_1979" }, { "journal" : "Extrapolation", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5ba7b64ddeb79e1138d364af4433931f", "pages" : "351--354", "date" : "1999", "number" : "4", "author" : "Johnston, Laura", "keywords" : [ "1984", "forbidden {love", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "mutability of the {past", "Orwell", "power} relationships" ], "volume" : "40", "comment" : "Johnston considers three important connections between Orwell\'s 1984 and Le Guin\'s The Lathe of Heaven, besides the obvious similarities of \"dystopian scarcity\" and \"political repression.\" She delineates three clear commonalities: (1) both George Orr and Winston Smith love women forbidden to them, (2) the theme of power, specifically that the protagonists are weak and the powerful people use their power irresponsibly, and (3) the mutability of the past, particularly the control of the past and false memories. This article suggests that Le Guin ackowledges, \"conscious[ly] or unconscious[ly], Orwell and Orwell\'s Nineteen {Eighty-Four\"} (353).", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1999", "label" : "{\'Orr\'} and {\'Orwell\':} Le Guin\'s The Lathe of Heaven and Orwell\'s Nineteen {Eighty-Four}", "key" : "laura_johnston_orr_1999" }, { "publisher" : "{UMI} Research Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:3ae146fc82939ab8dfd7f02eb6b22b38", "date" : "1988", "author" : "Selinger, Bernard", "keywords" : [ "Always Coming {Home", "artist", "Dispossessed", "dreamer", "journey", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} {Guin", "Left} Hand of Darkness" ], "comment" : "Selinger, at first, focuses on the sea imagery in The Lathe of Heaven, particularly the jellyfish, as he considers the boundaried and boundary-lessness of the characters (and even the plot) in this novel. Considering space and movement, Selinger takes the reader through the plot chronologically as the text mimics dreams, just as reality mimics Orr\'s dreams. The chapter dedicated to The Lathe of Heaven also includes an analysis of Orr\'s movement \"from omnipotent control to control by manipulation\"(88) with particular attention to the use of what Selinger calls a \"dream-mother\" and \"transitional\" or \"subjective\" objects. Selinger moves on to characterize Orr as both an \"artist creating identity\" and an \"autist\"; but his most interesting argument is that Orr and Haber are, in fact, \"one.\" That intriguing dissolution of the power-dynamic between Orr and Haber lends itself to my consideration of power in the novel.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1988", "label" : "Le Guin and Identity in Contemporary Fiction", "address" : "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "key" : "bernard_selinger_le_1988" }, { "publisher" : "University Press of Mississippi", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:088c20e6b297ebc00d9871e01066efa6", "date" : "2008", "keywords" : [ "{chronology", "dialogue", "fantasy", "influences", "interviews", "Le} Guin", "science fiction" ], "editor" : "Carl Freedman", "year" : "2008", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Conversations with Ursula K. Le Guin", "address" : "Jackson, Mississippi", "key" : "carl_freedman_conversations_2008" }, { "publisher" : "St. Martin\'s Press, Inc.", "booktitle" : "Women of Vision", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:5995332d0509768b85e5efc72a28874c", "date" : "1988", "author" : "Guin, Ursula K. Le", "keywords" : [ "carrier-bag {theory", "fantasy", "feminism", "Le} Guin", "science fiction", "self-reflection on writing" ], "editor" : "Denise Du Pont", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1988", "label" : "The {Carrier-Bag} Theory of Fiction", "address" : "New York", "key" : "ursula_k._le_guin_carrier-bag_1988" }, { "publisher" : "Routledge", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:20cc170abf3f3e702edb37a97fdad1c0", "date" : "2005", "author" : "Cadden, Mike", "keywords" : [ "anthropomorphism", "children\'s {stories", "genre", "interview", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "science fiction", "time travel", "viewpoint" ], "year" : "2005", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Ursula K. Le Guin Beyond Genre: Fiction for Children and Adults", "address" : "New York", "key" : "mike_cadden_ursula_2005" }, { "publisher" : "Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.", "booktitle" : "Ursula K. Le Guin", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:7ca9fa93cdfaa4cfc88fc05f18056011", "pages" : "83--101", "date" : "1981", "author" : "Bucknall, Barbara J.", "keywords" : [ "{chronology", "dream", "dystopia", "Hainish", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} {Guin", "Left} Hand of Darkness", "utopia" ], "comment" : "This chapter makes the point that while Orr was able, in the beginning of the book, to \"dream away an atomic explosion\" (85), he must not have had the energy or power \"to invent a suitable psychiatrist to help him stop dreaming\" (85). Thus, Bucknall argues that Orr\'s power is, from the start, limited and damaging, in a way that both progresses the plot and invents conflict where there previously was none. Bucknall also alludes to Philip K. Dick as an influence (as admitted by Le Guin herself) and considers the Taoist elements in the text. This chapter distinguishes each character s ignorance, as well as the subsequent suffering each character experiences because of that ignorance, with a particular emphasis on Haber, of course.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1981", "label" : "The Dream", "address" : "New York", "key" : "barbara_j._bucknall_dream_1981" }, { "publisher" : "University of South Carolina Press", "booktitle" : "Political Science Fiction", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:85ae1b7500c39abb4e0bc199cd52a5e1", "pages" : "76--98", "date" : "1997", "author" : "Franko, Carol S.", "keywords" : [ "{1984", "dream", "intertextuality", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "science fiction", "unconscious", "utopia" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1997", "label" : "The {I-We} Dilemma and a {\"Utopian} Unconscious\" in Wells\'s When the Sleeper Wakes and Le Guin\'s Lathe of Heaven", "address" : "Columbia, South Carolina", "key" : "carol_s._franko_i-we_1997" }, { "publisher" : "Liverpool University Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:60de3f254ff15e4b3eaafbf3de762fe9", "pages" : "101--2", "date" : "2001", "author" : "Rochelle, Warren", "keywords" : [ "{communities", "eden", "Le} Guin", "myth", "science fiction", "utopia" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2001", "label" : "Communities of the Heart: The Rhetoric of Myth in the Fiction of Ursula K. Le Guin", "address" : "Cambridge", "key" : "warren_rochelle_communities_2001" }, { "url" : "http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2004/feb/09/sciencefictionfantasyandhorror.ursulakleguin", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:f7cab17325e6f2fd4f35dd428266ce1b", "date" : "2004", "author" : "Guin, Ursula K. Le", "keywords" : [ "influences", "interview", "science fiction", "taoism", "theme", "utopia" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2004", "label" : "Chronicles of Earthsea", "key" : "ursula_k._le_guin_chronicles_2004" }, { "journal" : "{SubStance}", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:18ca802c997b596c096decdbc6d1b630", "pages" : "87--105", "date" : "2007", "number" : "2", "author" : "Call, Lewis", "keywords" : [ "{anarchism", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} {Guin", "Left} Hand of Darkness", "taoism" ], "volume" : "36", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "Postmodern Anarchism in the Novels of Ursula K. Le Guin", "key" : "lewis_call_postmodern_2007" }, { "publisher" : "Greenwood Press", "booktitle" : "Ursula K. Le Guin: A Critical Companion", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:f30388852c0677a20e50d56eac29600a", "pages" : "35--46", "date" : "2006", "keywords" : [ "alternate histories", "character development", "inner {space", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "plot development", "symbolism", "theme" ], "editor" : "Susan M. Bernardo and Graham J. Murphy", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "label" : "The Lathe of Heaven (1971)", "address" : "Westport, Connecticut", "key" : "susan_m._bernardo_lathe_2006" }, { "publisher" : "University of Texas Press", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:e6e516b16900fe7c60e8e7d8c2b2bfa5", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Melzer, Patricia", "keywords" : [ "{dystopia", "feminism", "Le} {Guin", "Left} Hand of Darkness", "power relationships", "science fiction" ], "year" : "2006", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought", "address" : "Austin", "key" : "patricia_melzer_alien_2006" }, { "journal" : "Science Fiction Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:2f74baa6f567ae2cec00764f51dd7901", "date" : "1978-07", "number" : "15", "author" : "Annas, Pamela J.", "volume" : "5", "keywords" : [ "{androgyny", "dualism", "feminism", "Lathe} of {Heaven", "Le} Guin", "science fiction" ], "month" : "July", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1978", "label" : "New Worlds, New Words: Androgyny in Feminist Science Fiction", "key" : "annas_pamela_j._new_1978" }, { "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=30593401&site=ehost-live", "journal" : "New York Times", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:af878926aba6894755ad59489817a61f", "pages" : "18", "date" : "1991-03", "author" : "{Lehmann-Haupt}, Christopher", "keywords" : [ "{1980\'s", "American} {Psycho", "Book} {Review", "Bret} Easton {Ellis", "Consumerism", "Descriptions} of violence" ], "comment" : "Accession Number: 30593401; Source Information: 3/11/1991, p18; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1163", "doi" : "Article", "month" : "March", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "abstract" : "American Psycho By Bret Easton Ellis 399 pages. Vintage Contemporaries. Paperback, \\$11. One approaches with a fair degree of awe a novel that has inspired the reaction that Bret Easton Ellis\'s {\"American} Psycho\" has done. To have provoked a publisher to reject a finished manuscript without demanding the return of a substantial advance; to have prompted hate mail and death threats; to have aroused a women\'s organization to call for a boycott of the book\'s new publisher -- why, it\'s as if {\"American} Psycho\" had returned us to some bygone age when books were still a matter of life and death instead of something to distract us on a flight between {JFK} and {LAX.} {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {PUBLISHER]} Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "label" : "Books of The Times; {\'Psycho\':} Whither Death Without Life?", "issn" : "03624331", "key" : "lehmann-haupt_books_1991" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/920/928/23652375w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812040570&dyn=3!xrn_20_0_N2812040570?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:4895c6fc5254d129444dfd577de0f574", "pages" : "57--72", "date" : "2005", "number" : "1", "author" : "Storey, Mark", "keywords" : [ "American {Psycho", "Bret} Easton {Ellis", "Dennis} {Cooper", "Fisk", "Masculinity", "postmodernism}" ], "volume" : "47", "comment" : "This article deals with modern issues relating to issues of masculinity and identity. The article critiques the postmodern dismantling of traditional ideas about masculinity and identity through a study of Bret Easton Ellis\' {\"American} Psycho\" and Dennis Cooper\'s {\"Frisk.\"}", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "label" : "And as Things Fell Apart\': The Crisis of Postmodern Masculinity in Bret Easton Ellis\'s American Psycho and Dennis Cooper\'s Frisk", "issn" : "0011-1619", "key" : "storey_and_2005" }, { "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=30591120&site=ehost-live", "journal" : "New York Times", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:e79f12717f021bb0d7e5b3537cd880ea", "pages" : "13", "date" : "1991-03", "author" : "Cohen, Roger", "keywords" : [ "American {Psycho", "Bret} Eaton {Ellis", "Censorship", "Consumerism", "Descriptions} of {violence", "Surface}" ], "comment" : "A New York Times interview with Bret Easton Ellis relating to his novel {\"American} Psycho\" and the backlash it has received. Ellis responds to the various critical and non-critical attacks on his novel. Ellis discusses his attempts to create a novel that was \"purely surface.\"", "doi" : "Article", "month" : "March", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "abstract" : "As his novel {\"American} Psycho\" arrives in stores and death threats are delivered suggesting he should be dismembered like the victims of the book\'s fictional killer, Bret Easton Ellis seems dismayed that his work has sparked the biggest literary brouhaha since Salman Rushdie\'s {\"Satanic} Verses.\" {\"I} had no idea the novel would provoke the reception it\'s gotten, and I still don\'t quite get it,\" he said last week in his first interview since Simon \\& Schuster abruptly canceled the book\'s publication three months ago and it was resold to Vintage. {\"But} then I was not trying to add members to my fan club. You do not write a novel for praise, or thinking of your audience. You write for yourself; you work out between you and your pen the things that intrigue you.\" {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {PUBLISHER]} Copyright of New York Times is the property of New York Times and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "label" : "Bret Easton Ellis Answers Critics of {\'American} Psycho\'.", "issn" : "03624331", "key" : "cohen_bret_1991" }, { "issn" : "00168831", "comment" : "This article explores the ideas of lack of depth and emphasis of surface out forth by Frederic Jameson. The article approaches the subject through a critique of the works of {RolfDieter} Brinkmann and Andy Warhol.", "number" : "3", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Summer, 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 American Association of Teachers of German", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Gemunden, Gerd", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/408241", "uri" : "urn:b9cc54bc18e0984d75d3b60c3277493f", "label" : "The Depth of the Surface, or, What Rolf Dieter Brinkmann Learned from Andy Warhol", "keywords" : [ "{Depthlessness", "Jameson", "postmodernism", "Surface", "Warhol}" ], "pages" : "235--250", "year" : "1995", "journal" : "The German Quarterly", "abstract" : "Taking issue with recent discussions about postmodernism and the notion of surface, this essay contrasts Rolf Dieter Brinkmann\'s poetic and essayistic work with Andy Warhol\'s notion of Pop in order to fathom the radical aspect of their respective aesthetics. This comparison implies an understanding of the political and cultural context of post-1968 West Germany into which Brinkmann transferred Warhol (and the mis- and over-readings it produced), as well as a look at the historical avantgarde which Brinkmann intended to redefine for his own purposes. A reading of selected poems argues that by holding on to a notion of subjectivity Brinkmann is able to avoid some of Warhol\'s aporias without completely relegating the notion of critique.", "volume" : "68", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/408241", "date" : "1995", "key" : "gemunden_depth_1995" }, { "issn" : "00138274", "number" : "6", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Oct., 1987 / Copyright ???? 1987 National Council of Teachers of English", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Seay, Ellen A.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/818063", "uri" : "urn:689dd9d46254a76657f0d5dcb1f6280f", "label" : "Opulence to Decadence: {\"The} Outsiders\" and {\"Less} than Zero\"", "keywords" : [ "Bret Easton {Ellis", "Consumerism", "Less} Than {Zero", "S.E.} {Hinton", "The} Outsiders" ], "pages" : "69--72", "year" : "1987", "journal" : "The English Journal", "volume" : "76", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/818063", "date" : "1987-10", "month" : "October", "key" : "seay_opulence_1987" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566351", "journal" : "Diacritics", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:17b2a23afbf11efd8cf8d23ccf797f4e", "pages" : "44--58", "date" : "1997", "number" : "2", "author" : "Freccero, Carla", "keywords" : [ "American {Psycho", "Bret} Easton {Ellis", "Censorship", "Descriptions} of {violence", "Serial} Killers" ], "volume" : "27", "doi" : "10.2307/1566351", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1997", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Writing between the Lines {(Censored)} / Full publication date: Summer, 1997 / Copyright ???? 1997 The Johns Hopkins University Press", "label" : "Historical Violence, Censorship, and the Serial Killer: The Case of {\"American} Psycho\"", "issn" : "03007162", "key" : "freccero_historical_1997" }, { "journal" : "Modern Language Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:218f63c2f8d8e1880e333e4592832f2e", "pages" : "103--116", "date" : "1998", "number" : "2", "author" : "Westmoreland, Maurice", "keywords" : [ "{Depthlessness", "Jameson", "Melodrama", "postmodernism", "Zapata}" ], "volume" : "28", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1998", "label" : "Postmodern Depthlessness, and Finding Pleasure in Zapata\'s {\"Melodrama:}", "key" : "westmoreland_postmodern_1998" }, { "publisher" : "University of California Press", "lccn" : "{NX650.H74} K38 1998", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:8a190bcda6ad07bfb3bde6b0bfbd3822", "pages" : "328", "date" : "1998", "author" : "Kauffman, Linda S", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "Arts", "} {Modern", "Fantasy} in {art", "Feminism} and the {arts", "Human} body in {literature", "Human} figure in art" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1998", "isbn" : "0520210301", "label" : "Bad Girls and Sick Boys: Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture", "address" : "Berkeley, Calif", "key" : "kauffman_bad_1998" }, { "publisher" : "Atlantic Monthly Press with Serpent\'s Tail", "lccn" : "{PS255.N5} Y68 1993", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:25e668094da3c2bcbe11928ee05bd4bb", "pages" : "288", "date" : "1993", "author" : [ "Young, Elizabeth", "Caveney, Graham" ], "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "American} {fiction", "City} and town life in {literature", "history", "History} and {criticism", "In} {literature", "Intellectual} {life", "Literature} and {society", "New} York {(N.Y.)", "New} York {(State)", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "Punk} {culture", "Youth} in literature" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0871135426", "label" : "Shopping in Space: Essays on America\'s {Blank-Generation} Fiction", "address" : "New York", "key" : "young_shopping_1993" }, { "publisher" : "Peter Lang", "lccn" : "{BC177} {.T75} 2006", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:9f80f929c8201bf7953874249d90dbd1", "pages" : "265", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Trigg, Dylan", "series" : "New studies in aesthetics", "keywords" : [ "{Aesthetics", "Civilization", "Forecasting", "Memory", "Reason}" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "isbn" : "0820486469", "label" : "The Aesthetics of Decay: Nothingness, Nostalgia, and the Absence of Reason", "address" : "New York", "key" : "trigg_aesthetics_2006" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/920/928/23652375w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812031054&dyn=7!xrn_23_0_N2812031054?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Film International", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:9674fe8688b52fa6d1aa2dcd6883240a", "pages" : "22--27", "date" : "2005", "number" : "17", "author" : "Lee, Charles Jason", "keywords" : [ "American {Psycho", "Bret} Easton {Ellis", "Identity", "Surface", "Wall} Street" ], "volume" : "3", "comment" : "This article deals with issues of fetishism and spectatorship as well as cultural ideas about violence, identity, and pleasure. The article critiques Bret Easton Ellis\' novel {\"American} Psycho\" and the film version of the novel directed by Mary Harron.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "label" : "Wall Street Jekyll: Identity and Meaningless Pleasure in American Psycho(s)", "issn" : "1651-6826", "key" : "lee_wall_2005" }, { "publisher" : "Vintage Books", "lccn" : "{PS3555.L5937} A8 1991", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:a62403a764547270ffe344e65e930cc3", "pages" : "399", "date" : "1991", "author" : "Ellis, Bret Easton", "keywords" : [ "Crimes {against", "Manhattan} {(New} York", "{N.Y.)", "Psychopaths", "Rapists", "Serial} {murderers", "Wall} Street {(New} York", "Women}" ], "edition" : "1st ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "isbn" : "0679735771", "label" : "American Psycho: A Novel", "address" : "New York", "key" : "ellis_american_1991" }, { "issn" : "10510230", "comment" : "Accession Number: 31687643; Hable, William; Source Info: Winter87, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: {SIMULATION} models; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {PHILOSOPHY,} Modern -- 20th century; Subject Term: {CRITICAL} thinking; Subject Term: {DECISION} making; Subject Term: {PLATO;} Subject Term: {COMMUNICATION} in art; Subject Term: {INFLUENCE} {(Literary,} artistic, etc.); Subject Term: {ART} -- Philosophy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 bw. Document Type: Article} {Requested on 4/8/09", "number" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Hable, William", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=31687643&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:e43c6740da403759918a65684e6f5214", "label" : "{THE} {SUBVERSIVE} {IMAGE:} {STALKING} {THE} {SIMULACRA.}", "keywords" : [ "{ART} -- {Philosophy", "COMMUNICATION} in {art", "CRITICAL} {thinking", "DECISION} {making", "INFLUENCE} {(Literary", "} artistic", "{etc.)", "PHILOSOPHY", "} Modern -- 20th {century", "PLATO", "Postmodernism", "SIMULATION} models" ], "pages" : "25--27", "year" : "1987", "journal" : "Spectator: The University of Southern California Journal of Film \\& Television", "abstract" : "The article offers insights on the relationship between the concept of simulacrum and postmodernism. It cites that the examination of the origin of representation and simulation models shows that the idea of simulacrum has always existed in both artistic practices and in critical thinking. It then mentions that sudden awareness of simulacrum in the postmodern era is the result of the specific artistic practices of postmodernism. Moreover, the concept of simulacrum within a postmodern context and Plato\'s conceptualization of the unqualified is keyed out.", "volume" : "8", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Article", "date" : "1987", "key" : "hable_subversive_1987" }, { "label" : "Distortion, Fabrication, and Disclosure in a {Self-Referential} Culture: The Irresistible Force of Reality", "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812401890&dyn=12!xrn_10_0_N2812401890?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "key" : "colapietro_distortion_????", "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "inbook", "author" : "Colapietro, Vincent", "uri" : "urn:5250639c64efa60ec36360efbeeadbc4", "comment" : "Requested on 4/9/09" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812031115&dyn=5!xrn_1_0_N2812031115?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Journal of Media Practice", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5f441eb01387f5fdae612347e5e09404", "pages" : "7--24", "date" : "2004", "number" : "1", "author" : "Biltereyst, Daniel", "volume" : "5", "comment" : "Biltereyst discusses the \'perfume of scandal\' surrounding reality {TV} programs. He posits that the scandal is a result of an intentional simulation of moral panic. Biltereyst draws a distinction between moral-panic and media-panic. Moral-panic is one in which the media plays a role in creating attention to a moral issue. Whereas in media-panic, the media becomes the object, source and medium of distress.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2004", "label" : "Media Audiences and the Game of Controversy: On Reality {TV,} Moral Panic and Controversial Media Stories", "issn" : "1468-2753", "key" : "biltereyst_media_2004" }, { "publisher" : "Stanford University Press", "lccn" : "{HM15} {.B38213} 1988", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:671c6955607ccc9862baee4880c3c40f", "pages" : "230", "date" : "1988", "author" : [ "Baudrillard, Jean", "Poster, Mark" ], "keywords" : "Sociology", "comment" : "I am only going to use chapter 7, {\"Simulacra} and Simulations\" for this paper.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1988", "isbn" : "0804714789", "label" : "Jean Baudrillard: Selected Writings", "address" : "Stanford, Calif", "key" : "baudrillard_jean_1988" }, { "issn" : "03007162", "comment" : "The authors\' aim in this article is to use postmodern theory as a way to examine television. They discuss how to examine the \"politics of reading\" which draws on multiple meanings. Best and Kellner rely heavily on Jameson and Baudrillard to discuss the tenants of postmodernism that are present in {TV.} {(Eg--consumerism,} style over substance, pastiche,and a mix of high and low culture.)", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} secondary\\_review / Reviewed Work: Watching Television by Gitlin, Todd / Issue Title: Culture and Countermemory: The {\"American\"} Connection / Full publication date: Summer, 1987 / Copyright ???? 1987 The Johns Hopkins University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : [ "Best, Steven", "Kellner, Douglas" ], "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/464749", "uri" : "urn:0af248ce915f92c06431394d95db82ee", "label" : "Review: {(Re)watching} Television: Notes toward a Political Criticism", "keywords" : [ "{Baudrillard", "Consumerism", "Jameson", "pastiche", "postmodernism", "symbols", "television}" ], "pages" : "97--113", "year" : "1987", "journal" : "Diacritics", "volume" : "17", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/464749", "date" : "1987", "key" : "best_review:_1987" }, { "issn" : "01956051", "comment" : "Accession Number: 22544655; Source Info: Summer2006, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p72; Subject Term: {SIMPSONS,} The {(TV} program); Subject Term: {ANIMATION} {(Cinematography);} Subject Term: {PARODY;} Subject Term: {TELEVISION} scripts; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {CONTEXT} {(Linguistics);} Subject Term: {AUDIENCES;} Subject Term: {STRATEGY;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Animation; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: double-codedness; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Hutcheon, Linda; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Jameson, Fredric; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Parody; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Postmodernism; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: The Simpsons; Number of Pages: 10p. Document Type: Article} {Copyright of Journal of Popular Film \\& Television is the property of Heldref Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts.)} {Knox\'s argument is that the textual strategies such as double-codedness of The Simpsons makes it difficult to grasp, and thus, analyze the show. The double-codedness (as best as I could tell) is the fact that the Simpsons is both a critical and commercial success. The show is distinctly postmodern due to its sense of \"knowingness\" and self-consciousness. While this article is not directly related to the show I want to analyze, it was helpful to read a postmodern criticism of a tv episode.", "number" : "2", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Knox, Simone", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=22544655&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:2f07293a9f3d78f69bc9be603204c817", "label" : "The Simpsons.", "keywords" : [ "{Animation", "ANIMATION} {(Cinematography)", "AUDIENCES", "CONTEXT} {(Linguistics)", "double-codedness", "Hutcheon", "} {Linda", "Jameson", "} {Fredric", "PARODY", "Postmodernism", "SIMPSONS", "} The {(TV} {program)", "STRATEGY", "TELEVISION} {scripts", "The} Simpsons" ], "pages" : "72--81", "year" : "2006", "journal" : "Journal of Popular Film \\& Television", "abstract" : "Reading the interplay between text, audience, and institutional context, this article critically examines the distinctiveness of {\"The} Simpsons.\" It explores how the animated series uses textual strategies that are interesting to and challenging for both (postmodern) critical theory and processes of interpretation, including existing critical writing on the program. {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR]}", "volume" : "34", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Article", "date" : "2006", "key" : "knox_simpsons._2006" }, { "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=18583239&site=ehost-live", "journal" : "Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telegraphy to Television", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:fc7be246ae85c1950c3b033247f287c8", "pages" : "167--209", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Sconce, Jeffrey", "keywords" : [ "{Baudrillard", "Digital} {media", "MASS} {media", "MOTION} {pictures", "POPULAR} {culture", "Postmodernism", "simulation", "television}" ], "comment" : "Accession Number: 18583239; Sconce, Jeffrey 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Professor, School of {Cinema-Television,} University of Southern California Source Info: 2000, p167; Subject Term: {POPULAR} culture; Subject Term: {MASS} media; Subject Term: {POSTMODERNISM;} Subject Term: {DIGITAL} media; Subject Term: {MOTION} pictures; Number of Pages: 43p. Document Type: Book Chapter", "doi" : "Book Chapter", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "abstract" : "This article focuses on the prominent bridge between popular media and postmodern theory. Regardless of how one judges the ultimate value of postmodern theory and the political implication of its application, the Baudrillardian zeitgeist of proliferating simulation and an ever encroaching hyperreality unarguably resonates at many levels of contemporary cultural commentary about the media. At the very least, the Baudrillardian strain of postmodernity shares with these other more popular tales of omniscient electronic media the basic premise that reality is now inescapably mediated by spectacle, a form of covert attack in which an electronic mirage is gradually replacing the real world. Long a fixture of the lecture hall, these themes of electronically mediated and usually alienated societies have of late proliferated in popular culture as well. Movies such as Videodrome, Robocop, Total Recall, Lawnmower Man, Virtuosity, Strange Days, The Truman Show, Pleasantville, Ed {TV} and {eXistenZ--testify} to the theatrical success of this once wholly theoretical paradigm.", "label" : "Chapter 5: Simulation and Psychosis.", "issn" : "9780822325727", "key" : "sconce_chapter_2000" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/777/867/24078372w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812038141&dyn=12!xrn_17_0_N2812038141?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:3b167d9f6806f1cb411093ecf3a26e33", "author" : "{O\'Day}, Marc", "keywords" : [ "postmodernism", "television" ], "comment" : "Requested on 4/9/09", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Postmodernism and Television", "key" : "oday_postmodernism_????" }, { "issn" : "07352751", "comment" : "Hoffman makes the argument that group simulation can rarely proceed exactly like the reality it is taken from. Hoffman uses a case study of amateur boxers watching a video of a fight to discuss the simulation. He argues from a sociologists perspective that when a high degree of interdependence occurs among participants, the more elaborate range of simulations.", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Jun., 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 American Sociological Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Hoffman, Steve G.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25046717", "uri" : "urn:2f78fb9673887eba1565d7ef1b337f70", "label" : "How to Punch Someone and Stay Friends: An Inductive Theory of Simulation", "keywords" : [ "Baudrillard", "ethnographic data", "inductive theory of {simulation", "ontology", "Reality", "simulation}" ], "pages" : "170--193", "year" : "2006", "journal" : "Sociological Theory", "abstract" : "One way to study ontology is to assess how people differentiate real activities from others, and a good case is how groups organize simulation. However, social scientists have tended to discuss simulation in more limited ways, either as a symptom of postmodernism or as an instrumental artifact. Missing is how groups organize simulations to prepare for the future. First, I formulate a definition of simulation as a group-level technique, which includes the qualities of everyday ontology, playfulness, risk and consequence reduction, constrained innovation, and transportability. Next, I use ethnographic data collected at an amateur boxing gym to argue that simulations simplify the most risky, unpredictable, and interpersonal aspects of a consequential performance. The problem is that a simulation can rarely proceed exactly like the reality it is derived from. For example, boxers hold back in sparring but should not in competition. The effectiveness of a simulation therefore depends on how robust the model is and how well members translate the imperfect fit between the contextual norms of the simulation and its reality.", "volume" : "24", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/25046717", "date" : "2006-06", "month" : "June", "key" : "hoffman_to_2006" }, { "publisher" : "University of North Carolina Press", "lccn" : "{PN1992.8.C7} C48 1987", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:7f31d2ad3c568eefaa508d1485721298", "pages" : "312", "date" : "1987", "author" : "Allen, Robert Clyde", "keywords" : [ "{Baudrillard", "CRITICISM", "Reality", "simulation", "Television} criticism" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1987", "isbn" : "0807817325", "label" : "Channels of Discourse: Television and Contemporary Criticism", "address" : "Chapel Hill", "key" : "allen_channels_1987" }, { "issn" : "17400309", "comment" : "Accession Number: 18333677; Ferenz, Volker 1; Email Address: vferenz@glos.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1: School of Arts, Media and Design, University of Gloucestershire, Pittville Campus, Albert Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire {GL52} {3JG,} {UK} Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p133; Subject Term: {NARRATORS;} Subject Term: {NARRATIVE} theory {(Communication);} Subject Term: {MOTION} pictures; Subject Term: {CHARACTERS} \\& characteristics in motion pictures; Subject Term: {STORYTELLING;} Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 1 diagram. Document Type: Article} {Copyright of New Review of Film \\& Television Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts.)} {Requested on 4/8/09", "number" : "2", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Ferenz, Volker", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=18333677&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:723d38e682ae675553f1d3118186c9c3", "label" : "{FIGHT} {CLUBS,} {AMERICAN} {PSYCHOS} {AND} {MEMENTOS.}", "keywords" : [ "{CHARACTERS} \\& characteristics in motion {pictures", "MOTION} {pictures", "NARRATIVE} theory {(Communication)", "NARRATORS", "STORYTELLING", "television", "unreliable} narrator" ], "pages" : "133--159", "year" : "2005", "journal" : "New Review of Film \\& Television Studies", "abstract" : "The present paper critically examines recent contributions to the concept of the unreliable narrator in film narrative theory. It takes issue with the latest tendency to unnecessarily widen the scope of the unreliable narrator. Instead, it is argued that only films in the classical Hollywood tradition that feature character??????narrators who ??????take over?????? their narratives fulfil the precondition for unreliable narration. Only in such instances will viewers attribute textual incongruities and referential difficulties to character??????narrators who can be given sufficient authority over their narratives and thus the blame for their unreliable reporting, interpreting or evaluating. When facing textual inconsistencies and referential problems in storytelling situations other than that, we already have an adequate set of recuperation strategies at hand in order to resolve such difficulties, and concepts such as the tradition of the art film, the notion of the uncanny or the genre of the fantasy film will lead to more satisfactory readings. {[ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR]}", "volume" : "3", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.1080/17400300500213461", "date" : "2005-11", "month" : "November", "key" : "ferenz_fight_2005" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/441873", "journal" : "Twentieth Century Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:a67dc7e67f789e8a98d22c8e59582efb", "pages" : "242--260", "date" : "1998", "number" : "2", "author" : "Davis, Kimberly Chabot", "keywords" : [ "\"white\" academic {theory", "1960s", "1970s", "African} {American", "Beloved", "both-and", "circularity", "counterhistory", "decadence", "doubleness", "essentialism", "foundationalism", "Francis} {Fukuyama", "Fredic} Jameson", "her-stories", "historiographic metafiction", "history", "\"fictionality\" {of", "inauthentic", "Ishmael} {Reed", "jazz", "Jean} {Baudrillard", "Linda} Hutcheon", "linear", "master(\'s) {narrative", "Milan} {Kundera", "parody", "pastiche", "post-", "Postmodern} {blackness", "postmodernism", "Postmodernism;} or", "The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism", "poststructuralism", "pre-", "psychic {wounds", "re-", "re-memory", "schizophrenic", "self-parody", "self-reflexivity", "Simians", "} Cyborgs", "and Women", "slave {narrative", "Tar} Baby", "teleological {metanarratives", "The} Black {Book", "Thomas} {Pynchon", "Toni} Morrison", "true-history" ], "volume" : "44", "doi" : "10.2307/441873", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1998", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Summer, 1998 / Copyright ???? 1998 Hofstra University", "label" : "{\"Postmodern} Blackness\": Toni Morrison\'s Beloved and the End of History", "issn" : "{0041462X}", "key" : "davis_postmodern_1998" }, { "issn" : "{0162895X}", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Special Issue: Political Theory and Political Psychology / Full publication date: Jun., 1993 / Copyright ???? 1993 International Society of Political Psychology", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Glass, James M.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791411", "uri" : "urn:5b48f6089f4791b2c6322fca3eecc471", "label" : "Multiplicity, Identity and the Horrors of Selfhood: Failures in the Postmodern Position", "keywords" : [ "case {study", "change", "Derrida", "difference", "disconnection", "evil", "flux", "gestalt", "good", "hyperreal", "Identity", "Irigaray", "Jean} {Baudrillard", "Lyotard", "meaning", "} empty of", "search for", "multiple {personality", "multiplicity", "Nietzsche", "playfulness", "postmodern", "psychoanalytic", "Rorty", "self", "Sigmund} Freud", "simulation", "surreal", "terror", "transformation" ], "pages" : "255--278", "year" : "1993", "journal" : "Political Psychology", "abstract" : "This article looks at certain psychological problems in the post modern theory of self; specifically the concept of multiplicity and how that concept is to be understood. Considerable attention is given to Jean Baudrillard\'s notion of multiplicity, meaning and truth; in addition the essay examines the concept of multiplicity of self through the experience of multiple personality disorder. What is it that this experience reveals about the post modern theory of self and its celebration of \'multiplicity\'? A case study {\"Molly\"} is used to raise questions about the psychological and practical implications of living with an unbounded, \'multiple\' self.", "volume" : "14", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/3791411", "date" : "1993-06", "month" : "June", "key" : "glass_multiplicity_1993" }, { "publisher" : "Rodopi", "lccn" : "{PS374.P64} H64 2005", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:164943dc116c45134ee917d33e3702aa", "pages" : "750", "date" : "2005", "author" : "Hoffmann, Gerhard", "series" : "Postmodern studies", "keywords" : [ "20th century", "21st {century", "American} {fiction", "Fantastic", "History} and {criticism", "Modernism} {(Literature)", "Negation", "philosophy", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "Situationalism", "Space-time} {continuum", "United} States" ], "comment" : "Published in 2005, From Modernism to Postmodernism: Concepts and Strategies of Postmodern American Fiction is simultaneously ambitious and limited. Clearly written and thoughtfully organized, the text gives a bird-eye view of the postmodern theory, dividing the terrain topically in ten parts. Though it is impossible to exhaustively speak to every writer or text, African American writers/texts seem largely underrepresented. Still From Modernism to Postmodernism outlines the fundamental concerns and considerations of postmodern theory, making it an excellent companion for scholarly research.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "isbn" : "9042018860", "label" : "From Modernism to Postmodernism: Concepts and Strategies of Postmodern American Fiction", "address" : "Amsterdam", "key" : "hoffmann_modernism_2005" }, { "publisher" : "State University of New York Press", "lccn" : "{NX456.5.P66} P763 2002", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:b488a8f45595cb796ea06aa225570065", "pages" : "224", "date" : "2002", "author" : "Duvall, John N", "series" : "The {SUNY} series in postmodern culture", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "Arts", "} {Modern", "Beloved", "Blade} {Runner", "Don} {DeLillo", "Fredic} {Jameson", "Libra", "Linda} {Hutcheon", "narrative", "postmodern", "Postmodernism", "Ridley} {Scott", "Toni} Morrison" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "isbn" : "0791451933", "label" : "Productive Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies", "address" : "Albany", "key" : "duvall_productive_2002" }, { "issn" : "00295132", "comment" : "W. Lawrence Hogue uses three texts to differentiate African American postmodern writers from white American postmodernists. He writes, {\"Unlike} most white American postmodernists, most African American postmodern writers are not inclined to neglect moral and social issues, particularly racial issues in their narratives\" {(Hogue} 169). His comparative analysis builds a case for {[Major,} Morrison and Reed\'s] \"jazz aesthetics\" as an effective weapon against the pejorative notions of Eurocentric thought.", "number" : "2/3", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Hogue, W. Lawrence", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346182", "uri" : "urn:f6eb3ae2db28b546b2fe1777416e745a", "label" : "Postmodernism, Traditional Cultural Forms, and the African American Narrative: Major\'s {\"Reflex\",} Morrison\'s {\"Jazz\",} and Reed\'s {\"Mumbo} Jumbo\"", "keywords" : [ "African {American", "African} American {experience", "All-Night} {Vistors", "Charles} {Mingus", "Charlie} Parker", "chord {structure", "Clarence} Major", "decentered subject", "detective story", "discontinuity", "dominant {impulse", "Emergency} {Exit", "Enrique} {Dussel", "Eurocentrism", "human} {experience", "improvisation", "Ishmael} {Reed", "jazz", "John} {Barth", "Kimberly} Chabot {Davis", "Kurt} Vonnegut", "logocentric", "modernism", "moral {issues", "Mumbo} Jumbo", "mythology", "narrative", "narrative {voice", "Other", "postmodern} {skepticism", "rationality", "realism", "Reflex", "Reflex} and Bone Structure", "self-referential system", "social {issues", "Song} of {Solomon", "subjectivity", "Sula", "Toni} Morrison", "white/black {binary", "William} Burroughs", "world system" ], "pages" : "169--192", "year" : "2002", "journal" : "{NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction", "volume" : "35", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/1346182", "date" : "2002", "key" : "hogue_postmodernism_2002" }, { "publisher" : "Palgrave", "lccn" : "{PS3563.O8749} Z616 2000", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:1855e168da2457e97484cdd1fae53092", "pages" : "182", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Duvall, John N", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "African} American women in {literature", "African} Americans in {literature", "Criticism} and {interpretation", "history", "Modernism} {(Literature)", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "Race} in {literature", "Toni} {Morrison", "United} {States", "Women} and literature" ], "edition" : "1st ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "0312234023", "label" : "The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness", "address" : "New York", "key" : "duvall_identifying_2000" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346189", "journal" : "{NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:b8b93d49a0998f5cb52afe15c36bca40", "pages" : "313--315", "date" : "2002", "number" : "2/3", "author" : "Dussere, Erik", "keywords" : [ "{\"Unspeakable} Things {Unspoken\"", "Beloved", "intertext", "jazz", "John} {Duvall", "Paradise", "Race} {identity", "Song} of {Solomon", "Sula", "The} Bluest {Eye", "The} Identifying Fictions of Toni {Morrison", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "35", "doi" : "10.2307/1346189", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "note" : "{ArticleType:} secondary\\_review / Reviewed Work: The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness by Duvall, John N. / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press", "label" : "Review: Postmodern Morrison", "issn" : "00295132", "key" : "dussere_review:_2002" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v001/1.3mikics.html", "journal" : "Postmodern Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:4ae19645f6da092dc1b7c408c1a13c62", "date" : "1991", "number" : "3", "author" : "Mikics, David", "keywords" : [ "African American {writer", "Don} {DeLillo", "Henry} Louis Gates", "{Jr.", "James} {Snead", "jazz", "Jean} {Baudrillard", "Jurgen} Habermas", "lifeworld", "mass culture {images", "modernism", "Mumbo} Jumbo", "postmodern {writer", "postmodernism", "self-revising", "signifying", "Thomas} Pynchon", "vodoun" ], "volume" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "note" : "Volume 1, Number 3, May 1991", "label" : "Postmodernism, Ethnicity and Underground Revisionism in Ishmael Reed", "issn" : "1053-1920", "key" : "mikics_postmodernism_1991" }, { "issn" : "00107484", "comment" : "Caroline Rody\'s {\"Impossible} Voices\" examines Toni Morrison and Karen Tei Yamashita through the lens of postmodern narration. Rody views postmodern narration as a result of \"authorial thirst\" and contemplates how female writers of different ethnicities will quench this thirst (621). She clearly delineates what constitutes postmodern narration and how each writer meets, exceeds, or transforms these expectations. It is worthy to note that her footnotes of particular value for those interested in overlapping areas of postmodern scholarly study.", "number" : "4", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Winter, 2000 / Copyright ???? 2000 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Rody, Caroline", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1209005", "uri" : "urn:9b5f96e48e0eaeb8d0c7db4d9db1081f", "label" : "Impossible Voices: Ethnic Postmodern Narration in Toni Morrison\'s {\"Jazz\"} and Karen Tei Yamashita\'s {\"Through} the Arc of the Rain Forest\"", "keywords" : [ "authorial {power", "Beloved", "Breakfast} of {Champions", "feminist", "Jacob\'s} Room", "jazz", "jazz {narrator", "Karen} Tei {Yamashita", "Kurt} Vonnegut", "narrative voice", "postethic perspective", "postmodern {narrative", "relationality", "telenovela", "textualization", "Through} the Arc of the Rain {Forest", "Toni} {Morrison", "Tropic} of {Orange", "Virginia} Woolf" ], "pages" : "618--641", "year" : "2000", "journal" : "Contemporary Literature", "volume" : "41", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/1209005", "date" : "2000", "key" : "rody_impossible_2000" }, { "issn" : "00219347", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Nov., 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 Sage Publications, Inc.", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Harris, Daryl B.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40034329", "uri" : "urn:df8c35b14525909a993140182afb4a63", "label" : "Postmodernist Diversions in African American Thought", "keywords" : [ "Afrocentric analytical approach", "cultural {identity", "depedency", "difference", "Eurocentrism", "indeterminate} {consciousness", "multiple-identity", "postmodern", "Postmodern} blackness", "unity" ], "pages" : "209--228", "year" : "2005", "journal" : "Journal of Black Studies", "abstract" : "This article critically examines the postmodern Blackness phenomenon that seeks primacy in African American thought. Using an Afrocentric analytical approach centered on the axis of culture and history of African Americans, I argue that the postmodern Blackness phenomenon is an unfortunate and precarious turn away from relevance. In its disapproving attitude and stance on cultural identity and consciousness, the quintessential issues in political belonging and politics, postmodern Blackness behaves as an impediment in the African American quest for freedom. Among the political hazards wrought by postmodern Blackness are (a) incessant disunity among African descended peoples and (b) dependency on political actors external to the African American community who are well organized and purposeful in pursuit of their own interests. This analysis also explains that at its core, postmodernism is yet another way of expressing the individualistic ethos of the European worldview.", "volume" : "36", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/40034329", "date" : "2005-11", "month" : "November", "key" : "harris_postmodernist_2005" }, { "publisher" : "South End Press", "lccn" : "E185.86 {.H742} 1990", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:3291b2b7e0521106be477689a3475143", "pages" : "236", "date" : "1990", "author" : "Hooks, Bell", "keywords" : [ "{\"Postmodern} and Black {America\"", "1960s", "African} Americans", "black {power", "Cornel} West", "decentered {subject", "difference", "Intellectual} life", "master(\'s) {narrative", "Other", "Otherness", "politics} of {difference", "Postmodern} blackness" ], "comment" : "bell hooks famous essay {\"Postmodern} Blackness\" discusses the question of postmodernism in relation to African American literature. Though the question of including African American literature under the title \"postmodern\" causes some concern, she fears exclusion as well as the inclusion. She concludes \"[t]o change the exclusionary practice of postmodern critical discourse is to enact a postmodernism of resistance\" (30).", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1990", "isbn" : "0896083861", "label" : "Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics", "address" : "Boston, {MA}", "key" : "hooks_yearning:_1990" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/contemporary_literature/v046/46.2english.html", "journal" : "Contemporary Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:994ac6fa7376b3a90be4270ee0212e85", "pages" : "358--362", "date" : "2005", "number" : "2", "author" : "English, Daylanne K.", "keywords" : [ "\"turn {south\"", "authenticity", "Cornel} {West", "jazz", "Madhu} Dubey", "postmodern", "postmodern {crisis", "Signs} and Cities: Black Literary {Postmodernism", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "46", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "note" : "Volume 46, Number 2, Summer 2005", "label" : "Postmodernism, Urbanism, and African American Literary Studies", "issn" : "1548-9949", "key" : "english_postmodernism_2005" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/contemporary_literature/v047/47.3witzling.html", "journal" : "Contemporary Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:0d08ab636afd7218dd57b37ebf8a65eb", "pages" : "381--415", "date" : "2006", "number" : "3", "author" : "Witzling, David.", "keywords" : [ "\"waning of affect\"", "\"white liberal {guilt\"", "1960s", "African} American", "black culture", "black venacular", "black-white color {line", "heterogeneity", "hybridity", "jazz", "Rorty", "Thomas} Pynchon", "white" ], "volume" : "47", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "note" : "Volume 47, Number 3, Fall 2006", "label" : "The Sensibility of Postmodern Whiteness in V., or Thomas Pynchon\'s Identity Problem", "issn" : "1548-9949", "key" : "witzling_sensibility_2006" }, { "publisher" : "State University of New York Press", "id" : "c6484a2c309a624bbb313a2b1c4fa7b7", "lccn" : "{NX456.5.P66} P763 2002", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:c6484a2c309a624bbb313a2b1c4fa7b7", "pages" : "224", "date" : "2002", "author" : "Duvall, John N", "series" : "The {SUNY} series in postmodern culture", "keywords" : [ "{Barthelme", "Consuming} {literature", "Identity", "Metafiction", "parody", "pastiche", "Postmodern} {memorials", "Postmodernism", "Toni} Morrison" ], "comment" : "{\\textless}ul{\\textgreater} {\\textless}/ul{\\textgreater} {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}John} Duvall\'s {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Productive} Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies {\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}is a collection of essays about various topics relating to postmodernist critical theory and its interaction with history, literature, and architecture and space-planning. Included in this book is Kimberly Chabot Davis\'s {\"Postmodern} Blackness: Toni Morrison\'s {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Beloved} {\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}and the End of History,\" which (as we discussed in class) makes the argument that, despite some theorists asserting the opposite, Morrison\'s work is in fact postmodernist, as are other works of black literature. In particular, Davis questions the assertion by theorists such as Jameson and Fukuyama that \"our postmodern society has reached the \'end of history\'\" {(Davis} 75). Davis takes an interesting approach in that she is reluctant to either label the novel equivocally postmodernist or not, rather, Davis claims that far from a rejection of history, Morrison is commited to a rewriting of it.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "isbn" : "0791451933", "label" : "Productive Postmodernism: Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies", "address" : "Albany", "key" : "duvall_productive_2002-1" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v052/52.2aubry.html", "journal" : "{MFS} Modern Fiction Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:599a465d8fa75210ecf225d12b46b533", "pages" : "350--373", "date" : "2006", "number" : "2", "author" : "Aubry, Timothy Richard", "keywords" : [ "Authors and marketplace {politics", "Consumers/Consuming} {literature", "Highbrow/middlebrow} {literature", "Oprah} {Winfrey", "Paradise} {(novel)", "postmodernism", "Readerly} {accessibility", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "52", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "note" : "Volume 52, Number 2, Summer 2006", "label" : "Beware the Furrow of the Middlebrow: Searching for Paradise on The Oprah Winfrey Show", "issn" : "{1080-658X}", "key" : "aubry_bewarefurrow_2006" }, { "url" : "https://login.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1346181", "journal" : "{NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:94d9ad90d74381b5452e579aaa796343", "pages" : "151--168", "date" : "2002", "number" : "2/3", "author" : "Dubey, Madhu", "keywords" : [ "Black {literature", "Lyotard", "Metanarratives", "Postmodernist} {discourse", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "35", "doi" : "10.2307/1346181", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press", "label" : "Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism", "issn" : "00295132", "key" : "dubey_contemporary_2002" }, { "publisher" : "Palgrave", "id" : "905ecbbf330c0646c0c2db0af8ef8311", "lccn" : "{PS3563.O8749} Z616 2000", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:905ecbbf330c0646c0c2db0af8ef8311", "pages" : "182", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Duvall, John N", "keywords" : [ "{Criticism", "Identity", "Otherness", "postmodernism", "Race} {relations", "Reflexivity", "Toni} {Morrison", "White} readers/black authors" ], "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}John} Duvall (also the editor of {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Productive} Postmodernism{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}) focuses exclusively on Morrison in {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}The} Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}. Duvall\'s work questions Morrison both as a modernist and a postmodern author, examining ways in which Morrison\'s writing (particularly as it concerns questions of identity) engages with both modernism and postmodernism. Duvall is particularly interested in Morrison\'s biography and the elements of reflexivity between herself and her work.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "edition" : "1st ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "0312234023", "label" : "The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness", "address" : "New York", "key" : "duvall_identifying_2000-1" }, { "publisher" : "University Press of Mississippi", "lccn" : "{PS153.N5} Y625 2006", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:ed4432126b99ee9ad9dd721a27e5d917", "pages" : "230", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Young, John K", "keywords" : [ "{AFRICAN} American {authors", "African} Americans in {literature", "Consumerism} and {literature", "Politics} and {literature", "Popular} {audiences", "postmodernism", "Race} in literature" ], "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}John} Young\'s {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Black} Writers, White Publishers {\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}examines questions of identity in relation to black authorship operating within a system of white publishers and primarily white audiences. Young asserts that a \"historicist attention to these social and cultural contexts\" is necessary to comment on the \"complex negotiations\" of black authors in the current and past literary marketplace {(Young} 5). Young\'s chapter {\"Tony} Morrison, Oprah Winfrey, and Popular Audiences\" (which appeared in an earlier version as an essay in the 2001 issue of {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}African} American Review) {\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}focuses on Winfrey\'s role as a cultural creator and mediator in the relationship between Morrison\'s previously considered \"black literature\" and Winfrey\'s primarily white audience and the accompanying rise of Morrison\'s sales and popularity.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "edition" : "1st ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "isbn" : "1578068460", "label" : "Black Writers, White Publishers: Marketplace Politics in {Twentieth-Century} African American Literature", "address" : "Jackson, {[Miss.]}", "key" : "young_black_2006" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v039/39.3-4.perez-torres.html", "journal" : "{MFS} Modern Fiction Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:f1079690daca837d79f1ca068e1a0d83", "pages" : "689--707", "date" : "1993", "number" : "3-4", "author" : "{P????rez-Torres}, Rafael", "keywords" : [ "{Absence/presence", "Aesthetics} of {postmodernism", "Beloved", "Fractured/fragmented} {narrative", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "39", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "note" : "Volume 39, Number 3\\&4, {Fall/Winter} 1993", "label" : "Knitting and Knotting the Narrative {Thread??????Beloved} as Postmodern Novel", "issn" : "{1080-658X}", "key" : "rafael_prez-torres_knitting_1993" }, { "publisher" : "Stanford University Press", "lccn" : "{BJ324.P67} Z53 2001", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:bbc125cc049e9b6a8088ecf0257f6c0a", "pages" : "288", "date" : "2001", "author" : "Ziarek, Ewa P????onowska", "keywords" : [ "Agency and {writing", "Feminist} {writing", "Postmodern} {blackness", "Postmodernism", "Sexual} {difference", "Toni} {Morrison", "Women} as {authors", "Women} as subject" ], "comment" : "{\\textless}p style=\"text-align: {left;\"{\\textgreater}In} {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}An} Ethics of Dissensus: Postmodernity, Feminist, and the Politics of Radical Democracy, {{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}Ewa} Plonowska Ziarek analyses what she terms the \"implications of postmodern ethics\" in relation to racial and gender difference {(Ziarek} 3). Ziarek argues that the postmodern paradigmatical shift necessitates a reexamining of \"ethical reflection,\" despite the general move in postmodernism away from ethics as an area of study or concern in favor of universality. Ziarek responds to postmodernist theorists such as Lyotard and feminist theorists including Irigaray and Kristeva on a varity of topics including psychoanalysis, sexual difference, \"radical democracy,\" and postmodern blackness. Of particular interest in Ziarek\'s chapter {\"Postmodern} {Blackness/Visionary} Feminism: Paradigms of Subjectivity, Community, and Ethics if bell hook\'s\' Work,{\\textless}br /{\\textgreater} which includes Morrison\'s {{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Beloved} {\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}as a novel of contestation concerning black literature and postmodernism.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2001", "isbn" : "0804741026", "label" : "An Ethics of Dissensus: Postmodernity, Feminism, and the Politics of Radical Democracy", "address" : "Stanford, Calif", "key" : "ziarek_ethics_2001" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1346183", "journal" : "{NOVEL:} A Forum on Fiction", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:d64f5546e5cb340fbc3eb33951e9e1a4", "pages" : "193--210", "date" : "2002", "number" : "2/3", "author" : "Hoem, Sheri I.", "keywords" : [ "{Disability/ability", "Donna} {Haraway", "John} {Wideman", "Otherness", "Postmodernist} {discourse", "Toni} Morrison" ], "volume" : "35", "doi" : "10.2307/1346183", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Contemporary African American Fiction and the Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: Spring - Summer, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 Duke University Press", "label" : "Disabling Postmodernism: Wideman, Morrison and Prosthetic Critique", "issn" : "00295132", "key" : "hoem_disabling_2002" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v018/18.2.apter.html", "journal" : "Postmodern Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:6d9aa7eab0961136fef7251add75e09d", "date" : "2008", "number" : "2", "author" : "Apter, Emily", "keywords" : [ "digital {avatar", "Massively} Multiplayer Online Games {(MMOG)", "metaverse", "psychology} and avatars", "simulation" ], "volume" : "18", "comment" : "This article sets out to prove that an avatar is much more than a player\'s virtual name/face; it is an extension of oneself and is the \"visible interface of the psychic drive.\" This article provides an intensive review of the avatar, including the origins of the word, the applications thereof, and especially the psychology behind the choosing and using of an avatar. The authors bring in Freud, Lacan, and others in their connection between the avatar and the gamer and in their discussion of the self, the ego, and the id.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "note" : "Volume 18, Number 2, January 2008", "label" : "Technics of the Subject: The {Avatar-Drive}", "issn" : "1053-1920", "key" : "emily_apter_technics_2008" }, { "url" : "http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/2/127", "journal" : "Games and Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:05f12c31eaa0063810465c517a87fe3b", "pages" : "127--140", "date" : "2006-04", "number" : "2", "author" : "Atkins, Barry", "keywords" : [ "digital games", "game gaze and cinema gaze", "game play", "graphics and visual experience", "player as consumer", "screens and images" ], "volume" : "1", "doi" : "10.1177/1555412006286687", "month" : "April", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "label" : "What Are We Really Looking at?: The {Future-Orientation} of Video Game Play", "key" : "atkins_what_2006" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/487859", "journal" : "New German Critique", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:e9d1e1c783a089564aeaa0a27812cd64", "pages" : "3--14", "date" : "1981", "number" : "22", "author" : [ "Habermas, Jurgen", "{Ben-Habib}, Seyla" ], "keywords" : [ "aesthetic modernity", "antimodern", "premodern", "postmodern", "cultural/societal modernity", "modernity and Enlightenment", "negation of culture", "young", "old", "and neoconservatives" ], "doi" : "10.2307/487859", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1981", "label" : "Modernity versus Postmodernity", "issn" : "{0094033X}", "key" : "habermas_modernity_1981" }, { "url" : "http://sag.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/93", "journal" : "Simulation Gaming", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:9abd8235fab77aa1dfb0f55ad61f42b2", "pages" : "93--99", "date" : "2000-03", "number" : "1", "author" : "{Law-Yone}, Hubert", "keywords" : [ "{continuity", "gaming", "ISAGA", "postmodernism", "serendipity", "simulation}" ], "volume" : "31", "comment" : "The real meat of this article is toward the end, under the subheading {\"Postmodernity,\"} in which the author leaves discussion of his association with {ISAGA} {(International} Simulation and Gaming Association) and begins to explore the relationship between simulation/gaming and modernism vs. postmodernism. Unfortunately, just when it feels like he\'s finally getting started on something, the article ends. For instance, he questions the relationship between the simulation and postmodernism and makes the assertion that simulation/gaming is actually modernism, using Baudrillard as support, and that only simulation of simulation would be postmodern, but then doesn\'t elaborate on what he means by simulation of simulation and thus what this says in relation to current \"simulation\" games today. Still, this article is interesting for what it begins/attempts to say about the connection between simulation and modernism vs. postmodernism, even if in skeletal form.", "doi" : "10.1177/104687810003100109", "month" : "March", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "label" : "{Simulation/Gaming} in a Postmodern World", "key" : "law-yone_simulation/gaming_2000" }, { "url" : "http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/213", "journal" : "Games and Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:90e99000b6b4fba9fb4e16ba58548df1", "pages" : "213--235", "date" : "2007-07", "number" : "3", "author" : "Schut, Kevin", "keywords" : [ "digital games", "gaming biases", "gaming ideologies", "historical simulations", "simulation" ], "volume" : "2", "doi" : "10.1177/1555412007306202", "month" : "July", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "Strategic Simulations and Our Past: The Bias of Computer Games in the Presentation of History", "key" : "schut_strategic_2007" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/poetics_today/v023/23.4ryan.html", "journal" : "Poetics Today", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:96fc9f5ff656fa05114188975465524f", "pages" : "581--609", "date" : "2002", "number" : "4", "author" : "Ryan, {Marie-Laure}", "keywords" : [ "digital textuality", "hypertext", "interactivity", "myth and metaphor", "narrative interface", "virtual reality" ], "volume" : "23", "comment" : "This article talks about literary narratives versus digital narratives, and about hypertext as a \"literary form of digital narrative.\" It discusses the relationship between computers and storytelling by explaining how story comes about through the interaction between user and computer as character, and also spends a great deal of time on other types of interactions, such as internal/external, exploratory/ontological, etc.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "note" : "Volume 23, Number 4, Winter 2002", "label" : "Beyond Myth and Metaphor: Narrative in Digital Media", "issn" : "1527-5507", "key" : "ryan_beyond_2002" }, { "url" : "http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/114", "journal" : "Games and Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5b033b9886da4410296109e78298725d", "pages" : "114--133", "date" : "2007-04", "number" : "2", "author" : [ "Molesworth, Mike", "{Denegri-Knott}, Janice" ], "keywords" : [ "aesthetic drama", "consumer imagination", "digital environment", "metaverse", "virtual consumption" ], "volume" : "2", "comment" : "This is the second source I found that references the novel, Snow Crash and the term, \"metaverse,\" coined therein. This article describes \"metaverse\" as a \"huge, global, digital simulation where inhabitants of the material world go for recreation... structured as an extreme parody of a consumer society.\" This metaverse compares to our virtual reality, according to the article\'s authors {(Molesworth} and {Denegri-Knott)} as can be seen in games like Gran Turismo, The Sims, Second Life, World of Warcraft, etc. The article talks largely of digital virtual consumption, or put simply, buying \"virtual\" goods or otherwise acting as a consumer in a virtual world. It examines consumer practices and consumer imagination while discussing the real and the virtual.", "doi" : "10.1177/1555412006298209", "month" : "April", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "Digital Play and the Actualization of the Consumer Imagination", "key" : "molesworth_digital_2007" }, { "url" : "http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/236", "journal" : "Games and Culture", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:eae95a91283305dd88cd6fa52e08ed03", "pages" : "236--260", "date" : "2007-07", "number" : "3", "author" : "Calleja, Gordon", "keywords" : [ "digital environment", "game involvement", "in-game {motion", "Massively} Multiplayer Online Games {(MMOG)", "virtual} incorporation" ], "volume" : "2", "doi" : "10.1177/1555412007306206", "month" : "July", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "Digital Game Involvement: A Conceptual Model", "key" : "calleja_digital_2007" }, { "publisher" : "University Of Chicago Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:f0579b8ce5ad090055ca9e42f86f1ade", "date" : "1999-02", "author" : "Hayles, Katherine", "keywords" : [ "cybernetic", "cyborg", "human {evolution", "Katherine} Hayles", "philip k. dick", "posthuman", "science fiction" ], "month" : "February", "edition" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1999", "isbn" : "0226321460", "label" : "How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics", "key" : "hayles_we_1999" }, { "booktitle" : "The Gendered Cyborg: A Reader", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:2618d84c1142919c8aa2844eef19a746", "pages" : "58--73", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Gonzalez, Jennifer", "keywords" : [ "{advertisements", "bisexuality", "cyborg", "gender", "Jennifer} Gonzalez", "passing", "race", "sculpture" ], "comment" : "Gonzalez examines images and representations of cyborgs historically, raising questions of rights and power in the politics of cyborg bodies. Gonzalez defines a cyborg body as any that is both its own agent and subject to the power of other agencies. Dividing this very broad definition into two, she identifies organic cyborgs and mechanical cyborgs as both being manifestations of the cyborg consciousness. This consciousness is the underlying trend of which the cyborg is the symptom.", "editor" : "Gill Kirkup and Linda Janes and Kathryn Woodward", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "0415220904, 9780415220903", "label" : "Envisioning Cyborg Bodies: Notes from Current Research", "key" : "gonzalez_envisioning_2000" }, { "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:8899a3b001addca978eae3ddeb732d4c", "date" : "2001", "author" : "Lunenfeld, Peter", "keywords" : [ "{Cyberspace", "cyborg", "Digital} {Cinema", "hypertext", "New} {Media", "Peter} {Lunenfield", "Virtual}" ], "year" : "2001", "type" : "Publication", "isbn" : "0262621371, 9780262621373", "label" : "The Digital Dialectic: New Essays on New Media", "key" : "lunenfeld_digital_2001" }, { "issn" : "08867356", "comment" : "She argues against the critical and popular perspective of violence in media as primarily destructive, stating that it is also constructive and creative. As the creation of cyborgs is necessitated by the death of the human, she argues that transhumans created by destruction and violence exceed the parameters of a single identity and in that sense are queer. She examines the appeal of shows like Sailor Moon and Astro Boy to children, concluding that the fascination is with the construction and transformation of transhuman characters, and that that transformation is always linked to destruction in the battle sequences. She views the productive power of cyborgs as the potential of artifice to overcome (gendered) power structures based on worldviews that depend on the natural body.", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: May, 2001 / Copyright ???? 2001 American Anthropological Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Allison, Anne", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/656538", "uri" : "urn:65c4e4f012501439b6c142ae391fb891", "label" : "Cyborg Violence: Bursting Borders and Bodies with Queer Machines", "pages" : "237--265", "year" : "2001", "journal" : "Cultural Anthropology", "volume" : "16", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/656538", "date" : "2001-05", "month" : "May", "key" : "allison_cyborg_2001" }, { "booktitle" : "{Global/Local:} Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:29ac543b6a214cf5bca377087f3563cb", "pages" : "193--218", "date" : "1996", "author" : "Beller, Jonathan", "keywords" : [ "{cyborg", "Deleuze", "Globalization", "Governance", "Jonathan} {Beller", "Robocop} {2", "Transnationalism}" ], "comment" : "Beller analyzes the cyborg figure in modernization and globalization in general through his specific analysis of his viewing of the Robocop 2 film. The cyborg is the limit-figure for conjunction of the global and the local, for the human and technology (endemic to capitalism). Modern society is joining the cybernetic/mechanic and the aesthetic. He deals with Deleuze\'s ideas about the breakdown between inside and outside, the termination of the subject.", "editor" : "Rob Wilson and Wimal Dissanayake", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1996", "isbn" : "0822317125, 9780822317128", "label" : "Desiring the Involuntary: Machinic Assemblage and Transnationalism in Deleuze and Robocop 2", "key" : "beller_desiringinvoluntary:_1996" }, { "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:843bd22f10143d558c49d00dca4c82e5", "pages" : "219", "date" : "1996", "author" : "Balsamo, Anne Marie", "keywords" : [ "Anne {Balsamo", "culture", "cyberpunk", "cyborg", "feminism", "gender", "Margaret} {Atwood", "Mondo} {2000", "Pumping} Iron {II", "science} fiction" ], "comment" : "Balsamo assumes that the body is a cultural production, embodying performed identities and defining the limits of self. She performs close readings of science fiction, films, and other media, analyzing productions of the gendered body in the \'80s and \'90s. She analyzes how cultural codes of gender intersect with technology to reproduce gender patterns, but focuses less on the history and materiality of technologies and more on their discursive effects. In her chapter on virtual reality, she argues that visualization technologies do not represent but recreate reality.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1996", "isbn" : "0822316986, 9780822316985", "label" : "Technologies of the Gendered Body", "key" : "balsamo_technologies_1996" }, { "publisher" : "Duke University Press", "lccn" : "{PS374.S35} B84 1993", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:3af11ac619ca37ce728ee8ffa1689606", "pages" : "404", "date" : "1993", "author" : "Bukatman, Scott", "keywords" : [ "{cyborg", "History} and {criticism", "Identity} {(Psychology)} in {literature", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "science} {fiction", "Scott} {Bukatman", "subjectivity", "Techology", "Virtual} reality in literature" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0822313324", "label" : "Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction", "address" : "Durham", "key" : "bukatman_terminal_1993" }, { "publisher" : "The {MIT} Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:3ae07126ed8b6f3fe5cf6aaa97e783cb", "date" : "1994-10", "author" : [ "{McLuhan}, Marshall", "Lapham, Lewis H." ], "keywords" : [ "20th century", "cyborg", "human {evolution", "Marshall} {McLuhan", "mass} {media", "New} Media" ], "month" : "October", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1994", "isbn" : "0262631598", "label" : "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man", "key" : "mcluhan_understanding_1994" }, { "publisher" : "Duke University Press", "lccn" : "{PN56.M24} M34 1995", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:ba95b7382de43e4651a7c8394d9caf59", "pages" : "581", "date" : "1995", "author" : [ "Zamora, Lois Parkinson", "Faris, Wendy B" ], "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "FICTION", "History} and {criticism", "Magic} realism {(Literature)", "Spanish} American fiction" ], "comment" : "Wendy Faris is considered to a key figure in the study of magical realism. Her book addresses early writings on magical realism, including Franz Roh\'s 1925 {\"Magical} Realism: Post Expressionism\" and Carpentier\'s 1949 {\"On} the Marvelous Real in America\". However, Faris expands the scope of magical realism to include an international range, including not only Latin American works and authors, but also works from Japan and Canada and authors such as Rushdie. As Janet Walker addresses in her article {\"Ordinary} Enchantments\", Faris suggests that magical realism is an escape from {post-colonialism.Faris} argues that magical realism is a genre rather than a narrative technique, and she argues that this distinct genre has social and political contexts. Faris also makes connections between magical realism and post-modernism.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1995", "isbn" : "0822316110", "label" : "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community", "address" : "Durham, {N.C}", "key" : "zamora_magical_1995" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/journal_of_narrative_theory/v038/38.1.arva.html", "journal" : "Journal of Narrative Theory", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:27ee0ea7b902b363a3d0491204f46954", "pages" : "60--85", "date" : "2008", "number" : "1", "author" : "Arva, Eugene L.", "keywords" : [ "{Baudrillard", "experience", "Frederic} {Jameson", "Guy} {Debard", "Ihab} {Hassan", "metaphor", "realism", "The} Society of Spectacle" ], "volume" : "38", "comment" : "This article analyzes magical realism in the context of post-modernism. Arva references Baudrillard\'s idea of hyper-reality, as well as works by Ihab Hassan and Frderic Jameson which were studied earlier in the semester. Additionally, Arva references Guy Debard\'s 1967 work, The Society of Spectacle, which focuses on images as a substitution for reality. While Debard argues that \"spectacle is becoming dangerously close to becoming our only way of copy with [reality] and, ultimately, our only way of perceiving ourselves in relation to it\", Arva seems to suggest that magical realist writing allows us to obtain a better understanding of reality (62). Arva suggests that magical realist writing is \"an attempt to recreate traumatic events by simulating the overwhelming affects\" (61). He argues that magical realism supports the postmodern view that there are multiple realities, and he refers to magical realism as presenting a \"kaleidoscope of realities\" (78).", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "note" : "Volume 38, Number 1, Winter 2008", "label" : "Writing the Vanishing Real: Hyperreality and Magical Realism", "issn" : "1548-9248", "key" : "eugene_l._arva_writingvanishing_2008" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/symploke/v009/9.1wallace.html", "journal" : "symploke", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:d3bb8bda32e09bfd97d3b36887ef968d", "pages" : "145--160", "date" : "2001", "number" : "1", "author" : "Wallace, Molly.", "keywords" : [ "Arjun {Appadurai", "Fredric} {Jameson", "Karen} Tei {Yamashita", "Modernity} at {Large", "multiculturalism", "NAFTA", "Tropic} of {Cancer", "Tropic} of {Orange", "US/Mexico} border" ], "volume" : "9", "comment" : "In this article, Wallace analyzes Yamashita\'s work as a commentary on free-trade and the {US/Mexico} border. However, she points out that Yamishita is making points that are much broader than {US/Mexico} relations and extend to a global scale, as is evident in her choice to make the Tropic of Cancer the \"global border\" (152). Wallace studies Yamishita\'s work as compared to Appadorais\'s {MODERNITY} {AT} {LARGE:} {THE} {CULTURAL} {DIMENSIONS} {OF} {GLOBALIZATION.} Additionally, Wallace refers to the work of Fredric Jameson. Wallce provide information on {NAFTA} and discusses {THE} {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} as a \"metaphorical representation of {NAFTA\"} (148). She addresses issues of the {US/Mexico} border, as well as issues of multiculturalism.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2001", "note" : "Volume 9, Numbers 1-2, 2001", "label" : "Tropics of Globalization: Reading the New North America", "issn" : "1534-0627", "key" : "wallace_tropics_2001" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/comparative_literature_studies/v044/44.4walker.html", "journal" : "Comparative Literature Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:f5d7144df384055fbcb8943c36b3079b", "pages" : "510--514", "date" : "2007", "number" : "4", "author" : "Walker, Janet A.", "keywords" : [ "defocalization", "female magical realist writers", "hybridity", "magical realism-background", "magical {realism-genre", "post-colonial", "Wendy} {Faris", "Western} realism" ], "volume" : "44", "comment" : "This article by Janet Walker is largely an overview of Wendy Faris\'s writings on magical realism. Walker begins the article with background information on the term \"magical realism\" and then focuses exclusively on Faris\'s work. She highlights the fact that, unlike other scholars, Faris insists that magical realism is not simply a narrative technique, but, rather, it \"is a genre, a social institution\" (511). Faris does not neglect \"the social, political, and ideological contexts in which [magical realism] occurs\" (511). Walker discusses Faris\'s comparison of a shaman healing the individual and community to \"the contemporary magical realist writer [who] uses verbal magic to cure the reader of the too-stifling anchoring to a material reality that was the goal of realistic representation\" (513). Walker also highlights Faris\'s focus on the significance of female writers in \"the second generation of magical realist writers\", pointing out that Faris says that women \"have felt like a colony\" and \"magical realism provides an exit for the colonized position\" (513). In the end of her article, Walker does criticize Faris, saying that \"by bringing so many writers of so many diverse nations under one umbrella, Faris risks erasing their differing \'cultural needs and agendas\'\" (514). Walker argues that Faris ignores the fact that some writers are \"hybrids\", crossing boundaries between classification as postcolonial and Western.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "note" : "Volume 44, Number 4, 2007", "label" : "Ordinary Enchantments: Magical Realism and the Remystification of Narrative (review)", "issn" : "1528-4212", "key" : "walker_ordinary_2007" }, { "issn" : "08967148", "comment" : "In this article, Kandice Chuh discusses Yamishita\'s work in the context of Asian American literature, focusing on novels other than {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE.} Despite this specific focus, however, Chuh points out Yamishita\'s \"hybrid\" nature as she provides an overview of Yamishita\'s biography and influences. Both Yamishita and her work cross {boundaries.Thus,} even Yamishita\'s life is like her work in that they both \"encourage an opening out of {US} boundaries in different registers [...] and multiple directions\".", "number" : "3", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Oct. 1, 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 Oxford University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Chuh, Kandice", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3876726", "uri" : "urn:647c326d7a17c9aa221140ba19dbceb5", "label" : "Of Hemispheres and Other Spheres: Navigating Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Literary World", "keywords" : [ "Asian American {literature", "Brazil", "Brazil-Maro", "Circle} K {Cycles", "Japanese} {American", "Through} the Arc of the Rain {Forest", "Yamishita-biography}" ], "pages" : "618--637", "year" : "2006", "journal" : "American Literary History", "volume" : "18", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/3876726", "date" : "2006-10", "month" : "October", "key" : "chuh_of_2006" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v053/53.3lee.html", "journal" : "{MFS} Modern Fiction Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:d8403f384d99dccaee8227a5eb08691c", "pages" : "501--527", "date" : "2007", "number" : "3", "author" : "Lee, {Sue-Im}", "keywords" : [ "Consumerism", "global {village", "Globalization", "romantic} {universalism", "Tropic} of Orange", "universalism" ], "volume" : "53", "comment" : "In this article, Lee focuses on Yamishita\'s {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} and examines what she refers to as \"the two dueling tensions in the novel\'s exploration of the globalist \'we\' and examines those tensions in relation to contemporary debates on universalism\" (502-3). Lee discusses the symbolism of the shifting Tropic of Cancer, and she suggests that, in her treatment and portrayal of multiculturalism, Yamashita is posing a \"challenge to the global village universalism\" (507). Lee goes on to suggest that Manzanar represents the \"romantic universalism\" idealized (513). She concludes her article by arguing that Yamashita is praising the power of this ideal notion and suggests that it can be, in a sense, a solution to the problems of the global village.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "note" : "Volume 53, Number 3, Fall 2007", "label" : "{\"We} Are Not the World\": Global Village, Universalism, and Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange", "issn" : "{1080-658X}", "key" : "lee_we_2007" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/american_literary_history/v020/20.4.chiang.html", "journal" : "American Literary History", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5dc47eb0af0be218b432f67eb68b90a0", "pages" : "836--844", "date" : "2008", "number" : "4", "author" : "Chiang, Mark", "keywords" : [ "cognitive mapping", "cultural {capital", "David} {Palumbo-Liu", "Globalization", "Jameson", "Tropic} of Orange" ], "volume" : "20", "comment" : "In this article, Mark Chiang examines the idea of form. He then takes these ideas and examines Yamishita\'s {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} as a work of postmodern magical realism. He suggests that the novel is really an example of \"global realism\" (841). Chiang examines Jameson\'s ideas of \"cognitive mapping\" as seen in the novel and suggests that the act of conducting (most clearly seen in the character of Manzanar) is a form of cognitive mapping. Chiang suggests that the novel is postmodern because of its \"historical flattening\", as seen in Manzanar\'s character. Manzanar is confused by the new ideas of globalization and resorts to an old practice--conducting.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "note" : "Volume 20, Number 4, Winter 2008", "label" : "Capitalizing Form: The Globalization of the Literary Field: A Response to David {Palumbo-Liu}", "issn" : "1468-4365", "key" : "mark_chiang_capitalizing_2008" }, { "issn" : "08967148", "comment" : "This article addresses shifts in literature in terms of hybrid identities. Patell refers to Carolyn Porter\'s assertion that boundaries in literature are being \"re-mapped\", in part due to \"identity politics\" {(166).Patell} makes frequent reference to the writings of David A. Hollinger Patell discusses multiculturalism in terms of both a pluralist view and a polygenetic view, as well as cosmopolitanism. Patell argues that \"hybridity allows us to see that what appeared to be an either/or sitatuion is in reality a situation of both/and\" (177), supporting the new boundaries in literature being developed by merging cultures.", "number" : "1", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1999 / Copyright ???? 1999 Oxford University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Patell, Cyrus R. K.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/490082", "uri" : "urn:caa9020828ff7902e55adc44cce627dc", "label" : "Comparative American Studies: Hybridity and beyond", "keywords" : [ "alternative histories", "boundaries", "cosmopolitanism", "hybridity", "multiculturalism", "pluralist view", "polygenetic appropach", "universalism" ], "pages" : "166--186", "year" : "1999", "journal" : "American Literary History", "volume" : "11", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/490082", "date" : "1999", "key" : "patell_comparative_1999" }, { "publisher" : "{MIT} Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:54fc4b09b4a10ad06660ecce4069304b", "pages" : "273", "date" : "1994", "author" : "Mitchell, William", "keywords" : [ "{Copies", "Digital} {Photography", "Displacement", "Figure", "Manipulation", "Mutability", "Subfigure", "Visual} Structure" ], "edition" : "Illustrated", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1994", "isbn" : "0262631601, 9780262631600", "label" : "The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the {Post-Photographic} Era", "key" : "mitchell_reconfigured_1994" }, { "issn" : "00936502", "comment" : "Accession Number: 36903089; Yee, Nick 1; Bailenson, Jeremy N. 2; Ducheneaut, Nicolas 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Communication, Stanford University.; 2: Assistant professor, Department of Communication, Stanford University.; 3: Research scientist, Computing Science Laboratory, Palo Alto Research Center {(PARC).;} Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p285; Subject Term: {VIRTUAL} reality; Subject Term: {COMPUTER} simulation; Subject Term: {SHARED} virtual environments; Subject Term: {AVATARS} {(Computer} graphics); Subject Term: {INTERNET} games; Subject Term: {ONLINE} social networks; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: avatars; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: transformed social interaction; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: virtual environments; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article", "number" : "2", "type" : "Publication", "author" : [ "Yee, Nick", "Bailenson, Jeremy N.", "Ducheneaut, Nicolas" ], "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=36903089&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:bc573431feaa7c3735ad428886825cf5", "label" : "The Proteus Effect: Implications of Transformed Digital {Self-Representation} on Online and Offline Behavior.", "keywords" : [ "{Avatar", "Computer} {Simulation", "Internet} {Games", "Online} Social {Networks", "Proteus} {Effect", "Shared} Virtual {Environments", "Transformed} Social Interaction", "virtual reality" ], "pages" : "285--312", "year" : "2009", "journal" : "Communication Research", "abstract" : "Virtual environments allow individuals to dramatically alter their self-representation. More important, studies have shown that people infer their expected behaviors and attitudes from observing their avatar\'s appearance, a phenomenon known as the Proteus effect. For example, users given taller avatars negotiated more aggressively than users given shorter avatars. Two studies are reported here that extend our understanding of this effect. The first study extends the work beyond laboratory settings to an actual online community. It was found that both the height and attractiveness of an avatar in an online game were significant predictors of the player\'s performance. In the second study, it was found that the behavioral changes stemming from the virtual environment transferred to subsequent face-to-face interactions. Participants were placed in an immersive virtual environment and were given either shorter or taller avatars. They then interacted with a confederate for about 15 minutes. In addition to causing a behavioral difference within the virtual environment, the authors found that participants given taller avatars negotiated more aggressively in subsequent face-to-face interactions than participants given shorter avatars. Together, these two studies show that our virtual bodies can change how we interact with others in actual avatar-based online communities as well as in subsequent face-to-face interactions. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Communication Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "volume" : "36", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Article", "date" : "2009-04", "month" : "April", "key" : "yee_proteus_2009" }, { "issn" : "14708477", "comment" : "This article argues that the game Second Life is an effective method of public relations because it distorts and exploits public opinion. The paper calls for organizations that lend credibility to Second Life to first consider the \"ethical implications of promoting this market driven cyber-illusion.\"", "number" : "2", "type" : "Publication", "author" : [ "Diehl, William C.", "Prins, Esther" ], "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=34257151&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:d7894535bb0b48b68f25a0cc97ed2c93", "label" : "Unintended Outcomes in Second Life: Intercultural Literacy and Cultural Identity in a Virtual World.", "keywords" : [ "Avatar", "cultural {identity", "Intercultural} {Communication", "Internet} {Mediation", "Literacy", "Multicultural} {Education", "Second} {Life", "Virtual} World" ], "pages" : "101--118", "year" : "2008", "journal" : "Language \\& Intercultural Communication", "abstract" : "Since its inception in 2003, the popularity of Second Life {(SL),} an online {3-D} virtual environment, has increased exponentially. The global reach of {SL} and the opportunities it provides for cross-cultural exchange using multiple modes of communication in real and virtual worlds make it an ideal venue to examine cross-cultural engagement. Drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory and Heyward\'s model of intercultural literacy, this article analyses findings from an exploratory study examining the construction of cultural identity and development of intercultural literacy among 29 {SL} participants. The authors argue that {SL} Residents participate in an Activity System, engaging in myriad activities (e.g. language classes) which provide structured environments that generate both intended and unintended outcomes. The findings reveal that in many ways participation in {SL} enhanced participants\' intercultural literacy - for example, by fostering use of multiple languages, cross-cultural encounters and friendships, greater awareness of insider cultural perspectives, and openness towards new viewpoints. Additionally, respondents used their avatar\'s appearance to construct shifting cultural identities. Although the cross-cultural exchanges in {SL} do not guarantee intercultural literacy, they provide participants with opportunities to move in that direction. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Language \\& Intercultural Communication is the property of Multilingual Matters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "volume" : "8", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.1080/14708470802139619", "date" : "2008-05", "month" : "May", "key" : "diehl_unintended_2008" }, { "publisher" : "Farrar, Straus and Giroux", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:72171930d31998870e665e8d510eba87", "date" : "2003", "author" : "Sontag, Susan", "keywords" : [ "{Ethics", "Horror", "Interpretation", "Political} {Strategy", "Psychological} {Trauma", "Representation", "Staged} {Photography", "War} Imagery" ], "edition" : "First edition", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2003", "isbn" : "0-374-24858-3", "label" : "Regarding the Pain of Others", "address" : "New York", "key" : "sontag_regardingpain_2003" }, { "issn" : "14703572", "comment" : "Accession Number: 31609218; Van Dijck, Jos???? 1; Email Address: {J.F.T.M.vanDijck@uva.nl;} Affiliations: 1: University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p57; Thesaurus Term: {PHOTOGRAPHS;} Thesaurus Term: {PHOTOGRAPHY;} Thesaurus Term: {IDIOMS;} Thesaurus Term: {INTERNET;} Subject Term: {DIGITAL} techniques; Subject Term: {IMAGE} processing; Subject Term: {DIGITAL} cameras; Subject Term: {CAMERA} phones; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: Abu Ghraib pictures; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: digital technology; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: identity formation; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: memory photography; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: visual culture; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except {One-Hour);} {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 812922 {One-Hour} Photofinishing; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; {NAICS/Industry} Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article} {Photography has evolved from a tool for recording pictorial heritage to a means of shaping identity and communication. Digital photography and technological advances have transformed and affected our relationship to images. Memory and visual culture are restructured as a result of photographic manipulation and the instant accessibility of images.", "number" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Dijck, Jos???? Van", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=31609218&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:3c89fd4021d37b4a3b47e4bb8162b089", "label" : "Digital photography: communication, identity, memory.", "keywords" : [ "Camera {Phones", "Digital} {Photography", "Distribution", "Identity} {Formation", "Memory", "Networking} {Images", "Self-Remodelling", "Technology", "Virtual} {Space", "Visual} Culture" ], "pages" : "57--76", "year" : "2008", "journal" : "Visual Communication", "abstract" : "Taking photographs seems no longer primarily an act of memory intended to safeguard a family\'s pictorial heritage, but is increasingly becoming a tool for an individual\'s identity formation and communication. Digital cameras, cameraphones, photoblogs and other multipurpose devices are used to promote the use of images as the preferred idiom of a new generation of users. The aim of this article is to explore how technical changes (digitization) combined with growing insights in cognitive science and socio-cultural transformations have affected personal photography. The increased manipulation of photographic images may suit the individual\'s need for continuous self-remodelling and instant communication and bonding. However, that same manipulability may also lessen our grip on our images\' future repurposing and reframing. Memory is not eradicated from digital multipurpose tools. Instead, the function of memory reappears in the networked, distributed nature of digital photographs, as most images are sent over the internet and stored in virtual space. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Visual Communication is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "volume" : "7", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.1177/1470357207084865", "date" : "2008-02", "month" : "February", "key" : "van_dijck_digital_2008" }, { "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=36956608&site=ehost-live", "journal" : "Conference Papers -- International Communication Association", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5de155e011d23a85b8d95808b20dd4a0", "pages" : "1--17", "date" : "2008", "author" : [ "Rickertsen, Kathryn", "Bailenson, Jeremy" ], "keywords" : [ "{Avatar", "Children", "Digital} {Media", "False} {Memory", "IVET", "VIRTUAL} reality" ], "comment" : "Accession Number: 36956608; Rickertsen, Kathryn 1; Email Address: kathrynyr@gmail.com; Bailenson, Jeremy 1; Email Address: Bailenson@stanford.edu; Affiliations: 1: Stanford U; Issue Info: 2008 Annual Meeting, p1; Thesaurus Term: {MEMORY;} Thesaurus Term: {DIGITAL} media; Subject Term: {AVATARS} {(Computer} graphics); Subject Term: {VIRTUAL} reality; Subject Term: {CHILDREN;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: false memories; {Author-Supplied} Keyword: {IVET;} {Author-Supplied} Keyword: virtual reality; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 color; Document Type: Article} {This is a study of memory acquisition. Children were shown avatar versions of themselves performing scenarios. Later the memories were reinforced and at times, falsely acquired. The study shows how memories are more often distorted when they are reinforced by visual imagery.", "doi" : "Article", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "abstract" : "Previous work on human memory has shown that prompting subjects with false events and self-relevant information via narratives, mental imagery, and edited two dimensional images creates false memories. Using immersive virtual environment technology {(IVET)} this study examines how memory is affected by witnessing a dynamic simulation of an avatar bearing physical resemblance to oneself performing a novel action never performed by the physical self. Fifty-five pre-school and elementary children were randomly assigned to one of four memory prompt conditions (idle, mental imagery, {IVET} simulation of another child, or {IVET} simulation of self). Results showed that pre-school children were near ceiling and developed false memories regardless of condition. For elementary children the mental imagery and {IVET} self conditions caused significantly more false memories to emerge than the two control conditions. Implications are discussed regarding the use of digital media in the courtroom, clinical therapy settings, entertainment, and other applications. {..PAT.-Unpublished} Manuscript {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Conference Papers -- International Communication Association is the property of International Communication Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "label" : "Virtually True: Children\'s Acquisition of False Memories in Virtual Reality.", "key" : "rickertsen_virtually_2008" }, { "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=37195107&site=ehost-live", "journal" : "Communication Reports", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:b7baa87240d1559547251a52b8631574", "pages" : "41--53", "date" : "2009", "number" : "1", "author" : [ "Chory, Rebecca M.", "Banfield, Sara" ], "keywords" : [ "{Addiction", "Conflict} {Management", "Dependence", "Interpersonal} {Relationships", "Involvement", "television", "VIDEO} games" ], "volume" : "22", "doi" : "10.1080/08934210902798502", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2009", "abstract" : "This study explored the relationships between dependence on video games and television and relational maintenance strategy use. One hundred and sixty-three male and female undergraduate students completed self-report measures of media dependence and relational maintenance. Results indicate that higher levels of media dependence predicted lower use of all the maintenance strategies, with video game dependence being a stronger predictor than television dependence. The results are discussed in terms of the roles that exposure to antisocial content and media involvement play in explaining the relationship between media dependence and relational maintenance. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Communication Reports is the property of Western States Communication Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "label" : "Media Dependence and Relational Maintenance in Interpersonal Relationships.", "issn" : "08934215", "key" : "chory_media_2009" }, { "issn" : "08116202", "comment" : "Online virtual environments such as Second Life may actually enhance cross-cultural literacy and identity. This occurs because of structured activities such as language classes. While relationships in the virtual world don\'t necessarily lead to intercultural literacy, they may be led that way unintentionally.", "number" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Demetrious, Kristin", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=33871590&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:6314b4e90977a5a88f4509050aee0101", "label" : "Secrecy and illusion: Second Life and the construction of unreality.", "keywords" : [ "Computer Network {Resources", "Illusions", "Online} Social {Networks", "Public} {Relations", "Second} {Life", "Unreality}" ], "pages" : "1--13", "year" : "2008", "journal" : "Australian Journal of Communication", "abstract" : "This paper analyses the main Second Life Grid??????an Internet-based business platform with dynamic social, techno-economic, sensual-aesthetic, and psychological complexities??????as an example of public relations. It argues that Second Life is a more subversive, politically oriented, and powerful form of public relations, because it invisibly exploits and invades the process of the formation of public opinion. The paper argues that Australian organisations such as Telstra, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation {(ABC),} and the Australian Film Television and Radio School {(AFTRS),} which lend Second Life credibility through their recruitment, need to ask critical questions about the ethical implications of promoting this market-driven cyber-illusion. The paper begins by defining public relations {(Habermas,} 1995, 1 984, 1989; Gramsci in Storey, 2006) and investigating any links between public relations and Second Life. In particular, it investigates Second Life\'s defining claim that it is imagined, created and owned by its residents\' and concludes with a series of questions that organisations seeking involvement in Second Life should consider as part of their decision-making. {ABSTRACT} {FROM} {AUTHOR} Copyright of Australian Journal of Communication is the property of Copyright Agency Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\'s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. {(Copyright} applies to all Abstracts)", "volume" : "35", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Article", "date" : "2008-07", "month" : "July", "key" : "demetrious_secrecy_2008" }, { "url" : "http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04012114", "journal" : "Twentieth Century Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:10dcfd270a0d879a7f6784e48b39ecb2", "pages" : "248", "date" : "2007", "author" : "Adams, Rachel", "series" : "Literature Online", "keywords" : [ "1980s", "cold war", "containment culture", "dystopia", "pynchon" ], "comment" : "Adams contends that many of the american authors we consider to be postmodern ( {DeLillo,} Pynchon, Vonnegut, Barthelme, etc) were \'born\' out of a reaction to what she calls \"containment culture\" in Cold War era America. That being said, she believes that many of the tenets of postmodernism, such as dark humor, cynicism, paranoia, if not the entire movement of Postmodernism itself, died along side the Cold War in the late 1980s.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "The ends of America, the ends of postmodernism.", "issn" : "{0041462X}", "key" : "adams_ends_2007" }, { "publisher" : "Trip Street Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:f48ddadcc9e02519bb4a17762a18872b", "date" : "1998-08", "author" : "Nash, Susan Smith", "month" : "August", "edition" : "1", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1998", "isbn" : "0963919245", "label" : "Doomsday Belly", "key" : "nash_doomsday_1998" }, { "url" : "http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04086478", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:9e381b1b2c2179da5a5bb188bdf9a4ab", "date" : "2008", "author" : "Rosen, Elizabeth K.", "series" : "Literature Online", "keywords" : [ "america", "apocalypse", "cinema", "dystopia", "postmodern fiction" ], "comment" : "Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "label" : "Apocalyptic transformation: apocalypse and the postmodern imagination.", "key" : "rosen_apocalyptic_2008" }, { "publisher" : "University of Alabama Press", "lccn" : "{PS374.C594} C63 2005", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:dcfbd9fdbd43f25e91ac41a7cfa453f2", "pages" : "258", "date" : "2005", "author" : "Coale, Samuel", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "American} {fiction", "Conspiracies", "Conspiracies} in {literature", "history", "History} and {criticism", "Paranoia", "Paranoia} in {literature", "Political} fiction", "{American", "Politics} and {literature", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "United} States" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "isbn" : "0817314474", "label" : "Paradigms of Paranoia: The Culture of Conspiracy in Contemporary American Fiction", "address" : "Tuscaloosa", "key" : "coale_paradigms_2005" }, { "url" : "http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R01682210", "journal" : "Texas Studies in Literature and Language", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:af6f121b797c7a246ac79a6ed4d3e663", "pages" : "211", "date" : "2002", "number" : "2", "author" : "Kraemer, Christine Hoff", "series" : "Literature Online", "keywords" : [ "apocalypse", "bomb", "corso", "disarmament", "dystopia", "postmodern poetry" ], "volume" : "44", "comment" : "Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.} {This article addresses the soemtimes cryptic apopcalyptic love ode of {NY} School poet Gregory Corso\'s {\"Bomb.\"} Kraemer accepts the poem as a literal ode from the author to his love -- a \"postmodern goddess.\" The piece discusses the surreality and \"postmodernity\" of Corso\'s reaction to and against the Cold War, human annihilation, and the ensuing chaos.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "label" : "The brake of time: Corso\'s bomb as postmodern god(dess).", "issn" : "00404691", "key" : "kraemer_brake_2002" }, { "publisher" : "Maisonneuve Press", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:df20a2464ed7747dc29bc3753309129e", "date" : "1993-05", "author" : "Sharrett, Christopher", "keywords" : [ "apocalypse", "dystopia film", "futuristic politics", "postmodern narrative", "sci-fi" ], "comment" : "This is a collection of essays published in 1993 examining the treatment of the apocalypse in modern film. The book\'s contents (from Blade Runner and Mad Max, to Taxi Driver and Rumble Fish) mainly deal with the \"crisis in meaning\" of American apolcalypse as well as the crisis of the \"end of the social,\" and how they are represented in film, as a means to represent the real. Authors take a philosophical and critical theorist approach (rather than a pop cultural or sociological one), citing Barthes, Jameson, Neitchze, in examining the media\'s illustrations of catastrophe, response, and dystopia.", "edition" : "1st", "month" : "May", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0944624197", "label" : "Crisis Cinema: The Apocalyptic Idea in Postmodern Narrative Cinema", "key" : "sharrett_crisis_1993" }, { "publisher" : "University of Toronto Press", "lccn" : "{PN3503}", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:9596e2178b401c4f82ce61e8417ad53a", "pages" : "208", "date" : "2008", "author" : "Heffernan, Teresa", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "American} {fiction", "Apocalypse} in {literature", "English} {fiction", "History} and {criticism", "Modernism} {(Literature)", "Order} in {literature", "Postmodernism} {(Literature)", "Redemption} in literature" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "isbn" : "9780802098153", "label" : "{Post-Apocalyptic} Culture: Modernism, Postmodernism, and the {Twentieth-Century} Novel", "address" : "Toronto", "key" : "heffernan_post-apocalyptic_2008" }, { "url" : "http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R04118795", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:c8272b1fdc15d8a2866471902f200d82", "date" : "2008", "author" : "Parrish, Timothy", "series" : "Literature Online", "keywords" : [ "american fiction", "american postmodernism", "history", "literature", "postmodernism" ], "comment" : "Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "label" : "From the Civil War to the Apocalypse: postmodern history and American fiction.", "key" : "parrish_civil_2008" }, { "url" : "http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion-us&rft_id=xri:lion:rec:abell:R03466881", "journal" : "Literature and Psychology", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:7e5a1db821183b73d76e93d74e904428", "pages" : "43", "date" : "2004", "author" : "Walker, Jeffrey M.", "series" : "Literature Online", "keywords" : [ "dystopian power", "film", "filmic heirarchy", "hegemony", "matrix" ], "comment" : "Copyright ???? 1996-2009 {ProQuest} {LLC.} All Rights Reserved.} {Walker considers filmic representations of cities (their identities) and their relation to power structures in fairly recent (from Terminator and Blade Runner to the Matrix Trilogy) science fiction dystopian narratives. He argues that the horrific illustrations of uber-urban wastelands in these futuristic movies are used as fear tactics, by the media to reestablish social and political control over the populace, while \"legitimizing\" traditional power structures.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2004", "label" : "Squid-heads and coppertops: discursive power in the postmodern filmic dystopia.", "issn" : "00244759", "key" : "walker_squid-heads_2004" }, { "issn" : "00111589", "comment" : "Accession Number: 12851279; Wadia, Rashna 1; Affiliations: 1: University of Florida Source Info: Spring2003, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: {BARTHES,} Roland; Subject Term: {FILM} criticism; Subject Term: {CRITICISM;} Subject Term: {SEMIOTICS;} Subject Term: {NARRATION} {(Rhetoric);} Subject Term: {SIGNS} \\& symbols; Number of Pages: 23p. Document Type: Article} {This is largely unuseful as it deals primarily with film theory, but not really metanarrative, the postmodern family, or absence/lack/relavence of truth/morals/ethics in postmodern society. Useful for film criticism review but not for a critical approach to Arrested Development.", "number" : "2", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Wadia, Rashna", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=12851279&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:d5eaf07495d8c4a8af580f96012028e1", "label" : "So Many Fragments, So Many Beginnings, So Many Pleasures: The Neglected Detail(s) in Film Theory.", "keywords" : [ "antistructuralist film {criticism", "BARTHES", "} {Roland", "CRITICISM", "FILM} {criticism", "Fragmentation", "Metanarrative", "Narration} {(Rhetoric)", "semiotics", "SIGNS} \\& {symbols", "Wadia", "} Rashna" ], "pages" : "173--95", "year" : "2003", "journal" : "Criticism", "abstract" : "Focuses on the marginal, the multiple, and the auxiliary details in moving toward an antistructuralist film criticism. Roland Barthes\' frustration with the institutionalization of semiotics; Interpretation of the cinematic stage through its continual re-appropriation by metanarratives; Detachment of the visual image from its narrative structure in order to challenge the symbolic itself.", "volume" : "45", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Article", "date" : "2003", "key" : "wadia_so_2003" }, { "label" : "Hypertext and the Demise of Metanarrative", "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811325719&dyn=11!xrn_8_0_N2811325719?sw_aep=olr_wad", "key" : "madsen_hypertext_????", "keywords" : [ "demise of {metanarrative", "hypertext", "Madsen", "} {Deborah", "} {Mark", "Metanarrative", "Postmodern} {Subjects/Postmodern} Texts {(Book)", "postmodern} theory" ], "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "inbook", "author" : "Madsen, Deborah L. Madsen", "uri" : "urn:6039515ad3802f126bc084cef0230be3" }, { "url" : "zotero://attachment/2392/", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:597c9534f69859e8a959e79662b17924", "author" : "Gilbert, Matthew", "keywords" : [ "Arrested {Development", "Desperate} {Housewives", "Gilbert", "} Matthew", "laugh {track", "Malcolm} in the {Middle", "My} So Called {Life", "narration", "Scrubs", "Sex} and the City", "television", "voice-over" ], "comment" : "This is a news article, not peer-reviewed criticism. However, it is still an article that is arguably contestable and of incredible value in identifying other voice-over narrated shows. Gilbert argues that while voice-over narration is a risky technique, it provides shows like, and including, Arrested Development with a \"decidedly literary effect.\" Argues that Ron Howard\'s narration, reminescent of Andy Griffith Show and Happy Days, makes the show even more absurd. Brings into play the important {\"Next} week on Arrested Development\" line delivered at the end of the show which often alludes to, but also overplays/lies about the actual events in the next episode. One thing he fails to mention is that in most of the other shows, the voice-over narrator is also a character--this is not the case in Arrested Development, and in my opinion adds to the literary effect, allowing for some good deconstruction/television comedy theory opportunities.", "type" : "Publication", "howpublished" : "zotero://attachment/2392/", "label" : "Voice-over Speaks to Viewers", "key" : "gilbert_voice-over_????" }, { "label" : "Oxford English Dictionary metanarrative, n.", "url" : "http://dictionary.oed.com.mutex.gmu.edu/cgi/entry/00307403?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=metanarrative&first=1&max_to_show=10", "key" : "_oxford_????", "keywords" : "definition", "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:e37ed82f093a178752c4c80ba04e29b9" }, { "label" : "Project {MUSE} - The Velvet Light Trap - Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television", "howpublished" : "http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the\\_velvet\\_light\\_trap/v058/58.1mittell.pdf", "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_velvet_light_trap/v058/58.1mittell.pdf", "key" : "_project_????", "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:280b752d3d7f912a8fa783913c40cd24" }, { "label" : "Totalling Up Postmodernism", "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811291414&dyn=11!xrn_7_0_N2811291414?sw_aep=olr_wad", "key" : "day_totalling_????", "keywords" : [ "{capitalism", "Day", "} {Gary", "Metanarrative", "postmodern} theory" ], "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "inbook", "author" : "Day, Gary", "uri" : "urn:b7d1023a0c046609221b2df33c8ae653" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3661083", "journal" : "Cinema Journal", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:daf35e9a160dae5f3b2cba8890d17924", "pages" : "90--97", "date" : "2005", "number" : "1", "author" : "Caldwell, John T.", "keywords" : [ "Caldwell", "{John", "DVD", "Film} {scholarship", "Film} vs {TV", "Media} {scholarship", "Recent} changes in {film", "TV} scholarship" ], "volume" : "45", "doi" : "10.2307/3661083", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2005", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Autumn, 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 University of Texas Press", "label" : "Welcome to the Viral Future of Cinema {(Television)}", "issn" : "00097101", "key" : "caldwell_welcome_2005" }, { "url" : "zotero://attachment/2482/", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:5e1b9ebcdd1ef6ada2ebd2051cfeb0d5", "author" : "Mittell, Jason", "keywords" : [ "Arrested {Development", "Malcolm} in the {Middle", "Metanarrative", "metareflexivity", "Mittell", "} Jason", "new-era of {television", "Seinfeld", "situational} comedy", "television" ], "comment" : "Focuses on both comedy and drama have seen increasing complexity in narrative methods and modes. Describes how shows like Seinfeld, The Simpsons, Malcolm in the Middle, and Arrested Development use episodic form to undercut the situational comedy. Looks at how \"reflexive narration\" changes the perspective on narrative action for the audience. Describes the reason that some shows, including Arrested Development, only get cult following is because they feature narratives that can require a decoding process but that this same complexity is accessible because it provides {\"THE} {PLEASURES} {OF} {FORMAL} {ENGAGEMENT,\"} which is central to one of my proposed arguments in which the Arrested Development narrator succeeds through a use of meta-narrative that brings the audience into the show as active participants.", "type" : "Publication", "howpublished" : "zotero://attachment/2482/", "label" : "{EBSCOhost:} Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television", "key" : "mittell_ebscohost:_????" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/880/169/23916458w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812416466&dyn=12!xrn_1_0_N2812416466?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Velox: Critical Approaches to Contemporary Film", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:f4d5c2f1e15b3d51a4025a1e8e6c4a29", "pages" : "14--20", "date" : "2008", "number" : "1", "author" : "Gunn, Leslie Ann Hart", "keywords" : [ "Arrested {Development", "Beckett", "} {Samuel", "film", "Gunn", "} Leslie", "human {condition", "Irish} literature", "morals", "theater of the {absurd", "Waiting} for Godot" ], "volume" : "2", "comment" : "This is a longer article that compares {\"Arrested} Development\" to Samuel Beckett\'s {\"Waiting} for Godot.\" {Hart-Gunn} describes \"comedy of the absurd\" as a type of late 20th century...drama that uses abstract setting and illogical actions to express the human condition. Her overall argument is that both Michael Bluth {(Arrested} Development) and Esragon {(Waiting} for Godot) search for meaning in a meaningless world and that the result, for the audience and to some extent themselves, is the discovery of \"meaning for their own human existence.\"", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "label" : "Arrested Development and the Theatre od the Absurd", "issn" : "1941-8019", "key" : "gunn_arrested_2008" }, { "issn" : "00374806", "comment" : "Accession Number: 20048205 Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p90; Thesaurus Term: {TELEVISION} programs; Thesaurus Term: {MASS} media; Thesaurus Term: {TELEVISION} broadcasting; Subject Term: {REVIEWS;} Number of Pages: 1/8p; Document Type: Entertainment Review; Full Text Word Count: 185} {Very short review of season 2, however the idea to watch with {COMMENTARY} came from this. Also lists the moment the Fonz recreates the jumped-the-shark moment from Happy Days. Gives me larger scopes of Arrested Development as parody/pastiche of the traditional family sitcom, and ways the show presents meta-narrative beyond the scope of just the narrator. While this may not be a parody/pastiche, it could certainly represent a new era of the {TV} sitcom--paving the way for future shows like My Name is Earl, The Office, etc., which includes fractured time (as seen in the timely flashbacks that either reference earlier episodes/earlier scenes, maybe).", "number" : "3", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Sergio, Angelini", "url" : "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=20048205&site=ehost-live", "uri" : "urn:319527db371654fe8cea4cad04049392", "label" : "Arrested Development -- Season 2.", "keywords" : [ "Arnett", "{Will", "Arrested} {Development", "DVD} {review", "Hurwitz", "} {Michael", "MASS} {media", "REVIEWS", "self-referentiality", "subversive} {comedy", "TELEVISION} {broadcasting", "TELEVISION} {programs", "Winkler", "} Henry" ], "pages" : "90", "year" : "2006", "journal" : "Sight \\& Sound", "abstract" : "The article reviews the {TV} program {\"Arrested} Development: Season 2,\" produced by Mitchell Hurwitz.", "volume" : "16", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "Entertainment Review", "date" : "2006-03", "month" : "March", "key" : "sergio_arrested_2006" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/880/169/23916458w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812351515&dyn=12!xrn_3_0_N2812351515?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Velvet Light Trap", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:b851ed3d1da37565acb68a4418c7963e", "pages" : "63--72", "date" : "2007", "author" : "Thompson, Ethan", "keywords" : [ "\"comedy {verite\"", "Arrested} {Development", "Curb} Your Enthusiasm", "narrative {perspective", "Observational} Documentary", "situation comedy", "television {production", "Television} {Sitcom", "Thompson", "} Ethan" ], "volume" : "60", "comment" : "Very good opening argument that the cast of Arrested Development are being followed by a camera crew in a \"documentary style\" (my resulting insight: postmodern context: blending of genres) because the cameras shut off when the Bluths enter the courtroom in Season 1 and continues to argue that overall the documentary style is what the show looks like. Mentions handheld cameras, awkward pacing, and violations of continuity (my insights: postmodern elements of metanarrative and fracturing) as crucial elements to the show. Thompson argues, using Arrested Development and Curb Your Enthusiasm, that comedy verite is an emerging third mode of producing narrative-based television comedy. Comedy verite as a way of connecting the dots between the audience\'s view and their sense of humor. Describes {AD} as \"densely packed, carefully scripted\"--there is a lot of lit-worthy action taking place below the immediate surfaces in the show.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "Comedy Verit????? The Observational Documentary Meets the Televisual Sitcom", "issn" : "0149-1830", "key" : "thompson_comedy_2007" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/192/215/90714844w6/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811772217&dyn=11!xrn_6_0_N2811772217?sw_aep=olr_wad", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:f7ad6a8b1a0651b61dfc87800ec1f64e", "author" : "Aubrey, James R", "keywords" : [ "Aubrey", "{James", "Being} John {Malkovich", "Metanarrative", "metanarrative} in {film", "Postmodern} Cinema", "reality in {cinema", "The} {Game", "The} {Magus", "The} Matrix" ], "comment" : "Personal note: Excellent bibliography here. Use it to your advantage because many of the sources describing camera framing and narration. Also, to get to the bibliography, you had to google search the name of the article--the first result was a word document that gave you the bibliography. Scratch that. This article comes up in a google search because it is listed in a bibliography with many other exceptional sources on framing. That word document is attached. Attempt to find this book--which seems like it may not be an easy task.", "type" : "Publication", "label" : "Reality Games\' in Postmodern Anglophone Cinema: The Magus, The Game, The Matrix, Being John Malkovich", "key" : "aubrey_reality_????" }, { "publisher" : "John Hopkins University Press", "lccn" : "P302 {.S692} 1984", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:a0d575c73249e58e4c00cc077f7cc3c9", "pages" : "213", "date" : "1984", "author" : "Stewart, Susan", "keywords" : [ "Discourse analysis", "{Narrative", "history", "Nostalgia", "Semiotics} and {literature", "Stewart", "} Susan" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1984", "isbn" : "0801831164", "label" : "On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection", "address" : "Baltimore", "key" : "stewart_longing:_1984" }, { "publisher" : "Ashgate", "lccn" : "{GN406} {.S68} 2000", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:e5574dc97ca013e0ef803e8288dcc3a6", "pages" : "287", "date" : "2000", "author" : [ "London, University of North", "Teague, Ken", "Hitchcock, Michael" ], "series" : "University of North London voices in development management", "keywords" : [ "Material {culture", "Social} {aspects", "Souvenirs} {(Keepsakes)", "Tourism", "Tourism} and art" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "0754610551", "label" : "Souvenirs: The Material Culture of Tourism", "address" : "Aldershot, England", "key" : "university_of_north_london_souvenirs:material_2000" }, { "publisher" : "Schocken Books", "lccn" : "{PN37} {.B4413} 1986", "booktitle" : "Illuminations: Essays and Reflections", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:061844860b286a943902de815f385fbb", "pages" : "217--51", "date" : "1986", "author" : [ "Benjamin, Walter", "Arendt, Hannah" ], "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "Benjamin", "} {Walter", "History} and {criticism", "literature", "Political} Art" ], "comment" : "Walter Benjamin discusses \'art\' in relation to the \'modern\' world, an increasingly \'mechanical\' world. Instead of serving ritual function (magical, religious), Benjamin proposes that art (in the modern world) functions as a practice of politics.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1986", "isbn" : "0805202412", "label" : "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction", "address" : "New York", "key" : "benjamin_work_1986" }, { "label" : "The Unmaking of History: Baseball, Cold War, and Underworld", "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811926282&dyn=11!xrn_7_0_N2811926282?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "key" : "fitzpatrick_unmaking_????", "keywords" : [ "Baseball", "cold {war", "DeLillo", "} {Don", "Fitzpatrick", "} {Kathleen", "history", "Underworld}" ], "type" : "Publication", "pub-type" : "inbook", "author" : "Fitzpatrick, Kathleen", "uri" : "urn:fc4a00cd73ef2a4347246dce95b6bc51" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811652726&dyn=21!xrn_10_0_N2811652726?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:7f4280503bf7459d464e5272bdf94069", "pages" : "367--83", "date" : "2001", "number" : "4", "author" : "Wallace, Molly", "keywords" : [ "cold {war", "Commodity", "Commodity} {Fetishism", "DeLillo", "} {Don", "history", "History-Commodity", "Underworld", "Wallace", "} Molly" ], "volume" : "42", "comment" : "Wallace discusses {DeLillo\'s} Underworld in terms of commodity fetishism; specifically, she claims that Underworld presents not only commodities that actively produce history, but also history that functions \"as a commodity\".", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2001", "label" : "Venerated Emblems\': {DeLillo\'s} Underworld and the {History-Commodity}", "issn" : "0011-1619", "key" : "wallace_venerated_2001" }, { "publisher" : "Vintage Books", "lccn" : "{HB501} {.M36} 1977", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:66ee946c1a5202f0f283e5e3b06be052", "pages" : "1", "date" : "1977", "author" : [ "Marx, Karl", "Collection, Dr. Aliza Kolker", "Fowkes, Ben" ], "keywords" : [ "{Capital", "Commodity", "Commodity} {Fetishism", "Economics", "history", "Marx", "} {Karl", "Politics", "Social} Science" ], "comment" : "A historical investigation into capital and its political counterparts. Specifically interesting is Marx\'s discussion of commodities: their production, consumption, and resulting fetishism.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1977", "isbn" : "{039472657X}", "label" : "Capital: A Critique of Political Economy", "address" : "New York", "key" : "marx_capital:critique_1977" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/888/851/61729303w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811779747&dyn=11!xrn_5_0_N2811779747?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Anglia: Zeitschrift f????r Englische Philologie", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:9b5b6294f9134d9c25aa01869f4e6922", "pages" : "65--85", "date" : "2002", "number" : "1", "author" : "Wolf, Philipp", "keywords" : [ "Baseball", "cold {war", "DeLillo", "} {Don", "postmodernism", "Underworld", "Wolf", "} Philipp" ], "volume" : "120", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "label" : "Baseball, Garbage and the Bomb: Don Delillo, Modern and Postmodern Memory", "issn" : "0340-5222", "key" : "wolf_baseball_2002" }, { "publisher" : "Manchester University Press", "lccn" : "{DA533} {.I44} 1989", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:f47f21a0b2934258246ecd404a9bd730", "pages" : "174", "date" : "1989", "author" : [ "Shaw, Christopher", "Chase, Malcolm" ], "keywords" : [ "19th century", "20th {century", "Arts", "} {British", "} {Victorian", "Congresses", "English} {literature", "GREAT} {Britain", "History} and {criticism", "Intellectual} {life", "Nostalgia}" ], "comment" : "Focusing on the first two chapters: {\"The} Dimensions of Nostalgia,\" and {\"Nostalgia} tells it like it wasn\'t.\" This book is a cultural investigation into nostalgia, its \'pre-modern\' forms, and its presence in modern society.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1989", "isbn" : "0719028752", "label" : "The Imagined Past: History and Nostalgia", "address" : "Manchester", "key" : "shaw_imagined_1989" }, { "issn" : "03611299", "comment" : "Annotation: Ellis argues that most of {McCarthy\'s} {post-Blood} Meridian novels express a nostalgia for the old west, the frontier that is now closed. All of his Western novels show a tension between open country and closed space. In Blood Meridian, the Glanton Gang moves about freely in the frontier and they meet their doom when they settle down in one place. Ellis refers to the concept of the old west and open space as a myth, which may have never truly existed.", "number" : "1", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: 2006 / Copyright ???? 2006 Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Ellis, Jay", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4143880", "uri" : "urn:326488c6967e45aa2ba69e86c81bb380", "label" : "{\"What} Happens to Country\" in Blood Meridian", "keywords" : [ "Blood {Meridian", "history", "Moby} {Dick", "myth", "No} Country for Old {Men", "Nostalgia}" ], "pages" : "85--97", "year" : "2006", "journal" : "Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature", "abstract" : "Open spaces shift into constraints of place in Cormac {McCarthy\'s} novels. Between Blood Meridian and All the Pretty Horses, horrific violence across an antinomian range shifts into easier disturbances. What happens to country that narrows possibilities, even as it proscribes violence? Previous scholarship answers in mythic or political terms. But close reading Blood Meridian\'s Epilogue toward historical references suggests the advent of barbed-wire fencing, the coterminous near extinction of the American Bison and near eradication of American Indians, and a belated Western realization of the Land Act of 1865, deepen such answers.", "volume" : "60", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/4143880", "date" : "2006", "key" : "ellis_what_2006" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/443/615/62050318w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811973260&dyn=3!xrn_5_0_N2811973260?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Southwestern American Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:1503671bb2f89fdae85d25989cb01d98", "pages" : "23--36", "date" : "2004", "number" : "1", "author" : "Rothfork, John", "keywords" : [ "Blood {Meridian", "cycle", "dance", "epistemology", "language", "Metanarratives", "myth", "science", "} Darwinian", "violence" ], "volume" : "30", "comment" : "Annotation: Rothfork writes that Blood Meridian examines postmodern epistemology. He argues that the novel critiques how we think about language and how the language we use affects how we view the world. In this context, Judge Holden\'s metanarrative, which eliminates all other metanarratives and is explained though his language, loses its effectiveness.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2004", "label" : "Language and the Dance of Time in Cormac {McCarthy\'s} Blood Meridian", "issn" : "0049-1675", "key" : "rothfork_language_2004" }, { "publisher" : "Palgrave Macmillan", "lccn" : "{PS3563.C337} Z656 2009", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:8fa8a784a92c20a3db2e1fa8cb55c4d3", "pages" : "193", "date" : "2009", "author" : "Lincoln, Kenneth", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "American} {fiction", "Biblical} {allusions", "Criticism} and {interpretation", "History} and {criticism", "hyperrealism", "McCarthy", "} Cormac", "summaries", "violence" ], "comment" : "Annotation: This book suggests that the violence in Blood Meridian is written as hyperrealsim, which, despite being made gratuitous, seems more authentic than other westerns. The author also points out that {McCarthy} went to a Catholic school and demonstrates shows his knowledge of religion, often in terms of parody.} {{\"The} subtitle as Victorian storyline marquee portends a bloody sunset romance of the prairies, and the running chapter taglines serve as plot markers for a dime novel\" (79). embrace as form o death- no trust harold bloom signatures of the visible- jameson, fredric Appalachian Gothic- Davenport, Guy The empty road- Coles, Robert Novelist sells archive Cormac Country- vanity fair} {{\"What} may be called {McCarty\'s} hyperrealsm(it) pushes the natural credence of things to lurid depths, giddy heights, and ironic abruptions\" (19). {\"In} Cormac {McCarthy\'s} hyperreal novels a reader may assume the story fabricates reality, but on further reflection the fiction stands truer-to-life than flat dimensional \'reality,\' that is, art real to the point of abruptive disbelief and breakthrough discovery\" (20). {\"This} novelist is no minimalist or fallen middleclass modernist. Unlike any other contemporary novelist, he writes within a severe tradition of radical realism and surcharged with subject, crossing Greek drama and medieval morality play, consonant with classical texts and the natural sciences. Here artists and researchers experiment, read, talk, think, and write hard toward tandem mastery of nature\'s radicals; their fusional experiments shatter prior assumptions of human character, moral truth, and real matter into truer understandings of the world we live in. Hyperrealistic fiction and drama prove no exception\" (20), {\"Given} the New World fall from agrarian pastoral, {McCarthy\'s} hyperrealism focuses on a violent frontier-unheroic American history purportedly hyperbolized, but really \'disclosed,\' a lethal reality terrible, unknowable, but everywhere ironically present in shattered human affairs today or yesterday\" (21)} {{\"Young} Cormac surely heard Latin aplenty in his Irish Catholic schooling, and satanic gargoyles, polyglottal speech, and barbarous reprobate forces fills his stories where crimes fester\" (21). {\"McCarthy} has studied as well the ways and words of old biblical prophets...who warned the people of their transgressions, shortcomings, manifold sins, and pilgrim exodus...\"(27).", "edition" : "1st ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2009", "isbn" : "9780230612266", "label" : "Cormac {McCarthy:} American Canticles", "address" : "New York", "key" : "lincoln_cormac_2009" }, { "publisher" : "Oxford University Press", "lccn" : "{PS379} {.M47} 2000", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:09c3131f4ade161762bc2f988e498756", "pages" : "328", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Millard, Kenneth", "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "American} {fiction", "American} {myth", "Consumerism", "DeLillo", "} {Don", "History} and {criticism", "McCarthy", "} {Cormac", "media", "Morrison", "} Toni", "violence" ], "comment" : "Notes: Gunfighter Nation- Richard Slotkin Legacy of Conquest- Limerick Frederick Jackson thesis {\"The} Myth of the frontier is our oldest and most characteristic myth {(Slotkin} 10). {\"Writers} are attracted to the West as a subject for a variety of reasons, but especially because it goes to the heart of American ideas of freedom of identity...\" (79). holden like an icon (147) {\"To} describe {BM} as a narrative of violent confrontation is of course dramatic understatement; the novel is a catalogue of unmitigated carnage in which some of {McCarthy\'s} most inventive imaginative and linguistic skills are dedicated to vivid descriptions of slaughter\" (81). preist- kill judge boy questions historical veracity of scapular- {\"The} lesson here is not to doubt the violent record of the past\" (85).", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "0198711786", "label" : "Contemporary American Fiction", "address" : "Oxford", "key" : "millard_contemporary_2000" }, { "publisher" : "University of Texas at El Paso", "lccn" : "{PS3563.C337} Z89 1995", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:47367372674a8dfb3dbf00a8a4a2f804", "pages" : "200", "date" : "1995", "author" : [ "Hall, Wade H", "Wallach, Rick" ], "keywords" : [ "Blood {Meridian", "Child} of {God", "Criticism} and interpretation", "cycle", "dance of death", "evil", "humor", "marginalized {groups", "Moby} {Dick", "myth", "No} Country for Old {Men", "O\'Connor", "} {Flannery", "Outer} Dark", "parody", "religion", "violence", "wanderers" ], "edition" : "1. ed", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1995", "isbn" : "{087404233X}", "label" : "Sacred Violence: A Reader\'s Companion to Cormac {McCarthy:} Selected Essays from the First {McCarthy} Conference, Bellarmine College, Louisville, Kentucky, October 15-17, 1993", "address" : "El Paso", "key" : "hall_sacred_1995" }, { "publisher" : "Manchester University Press", "lccn" : "{PS3563.C337} Z78 2000", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:88c2b2d200dd2ff5e6c04ea880b4498e", "pages" : "399", "date" : "2000", "author" : "Wallach, Rick", "keywords" : [ "Blood {Meridian", "Child} of {God", "Criticism} and {interpretation", "death", "Fragmentation", "history", "In} {literature", "Legends} in {literature", "McCarthy", "} {Cormac", "Metanarratives", "Mexican-American} Border {Region", "Moby} {Dick", "Myth} in {literature", "Outer} Dark", "regeneration", "revisionary {western", "Southern} {States", "Tennessee", "} East" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "isbn" : "{071905947X}", "label" : "Myth, Legend, Dust: Critical Responses to Cormac {McCarthy}", "address" : "Manchester", "key" : "wallach_myth_2000" }, { "publisher" : "Routledge", "lccn" : "{PS3563.C337} Z6 2008", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:12052bbe45969e9784601718a4f1fa2e", "pages" : "368", "date" : "2008", "author" : "Cant, John", "keywords" : [ "American history", "anti-myths", "author {biography", "Blood} {Meridian", "Child} of {God", "Criticism} and {interpretation", "McCarthy", "} {Cormac", "Metanarratives", "Myth} in {literature", "National} characteristics", "American", "in {literature", "No} Country for Old {Men", "Outer} Dark" ], "comment" : "Annotation: This book argues that Blood Meridian is not a work of realism despite being based upon actual events. The novel operates like a myth, or anti-myth, that subverts the concept of the American hero and American innocence. Cant writes that the character of the Judge, among other things, represents the corruption of \"the Faustian extreme of Enlightenment gnosticism\" (176). The chapter devoted to Blood Meridian is interesting in that it gave me pause to consider the Judge as a potential engine of rationality versus the avatar of evil I had previously considered him to be.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2008", "isbn" : "0415981425", "label" : "Cormac {McCarthy} and the Myth of American Exceptionalism", "address" : "New York", "key" : "cant_cormac_2008" }, { "publisher" : "University Press of Mississippi", "lccn" : "{PS3563.C337} Z82 1993", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:2ee253930743835cf04fdc9111640ef8", "pages" : "217", "date" : "1993", "author" : [ "Arnold, Edwin T", "Luce, Dianne C" ], "series" : "Southern quarterly series", "keywords" : [ "Blood {Meridian", "Criticism} and interpretation", "dance of {death", "gnosticism", "history", "In} {literature", "McCarthy", "} {Cormac", "Pastoral} fiction", "{American", "religion", "Southern} States", "violence" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0878056548", "label" : "Perspectives on Cormac {McCarthy}", "address" : "Jackson", "key" : "arnold_perspectivescormac_1993" }, { "publisher" : "Routledge", "booktitle" : "The {Post-Colonial} Studies Reader", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:dd6013af808c4e8c5514f0734784f61e", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Bhabha, Homi", "comment" : "Bhabha states that cultural diversity is \"the representation of a radical rhetoric of the separation of totalized cultures that live unsullied by the intertextuality of their historical locations, safe in the Utopianism of a mythic memory of a unique collective identity\" (155). Bhabha also explains that \"liberatory people\" who are concerned with revolutionary cultural change are bearers of hybrid identities. Although this chapter does not relate directly to {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE,} it sheds light on important issues regarding hybridity and cultural enunciation that are central topics in the novel.", "editor" : "Ashcroft, Bill. Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin", "edition" : "Second", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "label" : "Cultural Diversity and Cultural Differences", "address" : "London, New York", "key" : "bhabha_cultural_2006" }, { "publisher" : "Routledge", "booktitle" : "The {Post-Colonial} Studies Reader", "pub-type" : "inbook", "uri" : "urn:ed9eb1c33cdc1d18adb9e6cb5b28c3e8", "pages" : "1158--61", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Young, Robert", "keywords" : [ "C. L. {Temple", "Colonialism", "hybridity", "Postcolonial} Cultural {Theory", "Race} and Contemporary Cultural Discourse" ], "edition" : "Second", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "label" : "The Cultural Politics of Hybridity", "address" : "London, New York", "key" : "young_cultural_2006" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811527824&dyn=4!xrn_12_0_N2811527824?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "Bucknell Review: A Scholarly Journal of Letters, Arts and Sciences", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:32e6c81369c5eedaeed684372e9d0efa", "pages" : "29--42", "date" : "2000", "number" : "1", "author" : "Sze, Julie", "keywords" : [ "Environmental Justice {Movement", "feminism", "gender", "Globalization", "Multinational} {Capital", "race", "Tropic} of Orange" ], "volume" : "44", "comment" : "A reading of {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} with cultural and feminist concerns, Sze article asserts that the emphasis the novel lays on human activity, both labor and transportation, is ??????central to the environmental justice movement??????s complication of the hegemonic definition of nature as uninhabited wilderness?????? (35). Through her brief character analysis of Rafaela and Emi, she states that women??????s labor in the United States and abroad is an important ??????engine?????? in the new wave of ??????globalization?????? and ??????free trade,?????? and that the violence women endure is ??????a key feature of this restructuring of global capital.??????", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "label" : "Not by Politics Alone\': Gender and Environmental Justice in Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange", "issn" : "0007-2869", "key" : "sze_not_2000" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812320620&dyn=4!xrn_2_0_N2812320620?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "{MFS:} Modern Fiction Studies", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:870cf16aed99199daab0f889a036ea37", "pages" : "501--27", "date" : "2007", "number" : "3", "author" : "Lee, {Sue-Im}", "keywords" : [ "{Globalization", "Transnationalism", "Tropic} of {Orange", "universalism", "Yamashita", "} Karen Tei" ], "volume" : "53", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2007", "label" : "We Are Not the World\': Global Village, Universalism, and Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange", "issn" : "0026-7724", "key" : "lee_we_2007-1" }, { "publisher" : "Indiana University Press", "url" : "http://magik.gmu.edu/cgi-bin//Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=ISBN+%220253216613%22&Search_Code=CMD&CNT=10", "booktitle" : "Asian North American Identities: beyond the hyphen", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:7811b8ca6052a7ecd0bb426dbba451b8", "date" : "2004", "author" : "Rody, Caroline", "keywords" : [ "{Ethnicity", "Japanese} American {novelists", "Karen} Tei {Yamashita", "Transnationalism", "Tropic} of Orange" ], "editor" : "Ty, Eleanor Rose; Donald C. Goellnicht", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2004", "label" : "The Transnational Imagination: Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange.", "address" : "Bloomington", "key" : "rody_transnational_2004" }, { "publisher" : "Temple University Press", "lccn" : "{PS153.A84} T73 2006", "booktitle" : "Transnational Asian American Literature: Sites and Transits", "pub-type" : "incollection", "uri" : "urn:75412d59e0914e8e1a52e5d195e46195", "pages" : "306", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Ruth Hsu, Ruth", "keywords" : [ "Asian American {authors", "Asian} American {identity", "Emigration} and immigration in {literature", "Imperialism", "Tropic} of {Orange", "Yamashita", "} Karen Tei" ], "editor" : "Lim, Shirley", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "isbn" : "1592134505", "label" : "The Cartography of Justice and Truthful Refractions in Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange.", "address" : "Philadelphia, {PA}", "key" : "hsu_ruth_cartography_2006" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2811685638&dyn=4!xrn_11_0_N2811685638?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "id" : "6f5ae322b3b47878a9e494529ae31ecd", "journal" : "Symploke: A Journal for the Intermingling of Literary, Cultural and Theoretical Scholarship", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:6f5ae322b3b47878a9e494529ae31ecd", "pages" : "145--60", "date" : "2001", "number" : "1-2", "author" : "Wallace, Molly", "keywords" : [ "{Globalization", "Immigration", "NAFTA", "Transnationalism", "Tropic} of Orange" ], "volume" : "9", "comment" : "Wallace investigates the major metaphors in {TROPIC} {OF} {ORANGE} to show how the novel participates in the discourses on globalization and immigration. She asserts that \"a range of issues--both intra- and inter-national, micro- and macro-political--are pulled into the vortex of the novel and mixed in chaotic fashion\" (152). She describes Tropic of Cancer as a global border, separating the hemispheric locales; Mexico as a literalization of diasporic imaginations of people situated in the {U.S;} the orange as a symbolic representation of the hemisphere\'s colonial history, as oranges have been brought to the continent by Columbus, and which ends up in the novel in the hands of a {\"post-Columbian\"} figure.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2001", "label" : "Tropics of Globalization: Reading the New North America", "issn" : "1069-0697", "key" : "wallace_tropics_2001-1" }, { "url" : "http://infotrac.galegroup.com.mutex.gmu.edu/itw/infomark/537/620/60010406w16/purl=rc1_MLA_0_N2812236903&dyn=4!xrn_4_0_N2812236903?sw_aep=viva_gmu", "journal" : "{PhiN:} Philologie im Netz", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:560cb452eb78b4e26174a5dcb738a8fb", "pages" : "1--32", "date" : "2006", "author" : "Hauser, Johannes", "volume" : "37", "comment" : "Hauser attempts to explore how the formal design of the novel interacts with the issues of migration, ethnic, and transnational identity. Hauser\'s lengthy article touches on several issues, like technological identities, in which she argues that Emi identifies herself through technology to avoid an ethnical identification; social concepts as ethnic memory and American dream vs. Mexican dream; magic realism that is associated with Rafaela and Archangel, two characters whom she reads as political representations; and finally the novel\'s structure and narration.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "label" : "Structuring the Apokalypse: Chaos and Order in Karen Tei Yamashita\'s Tropic of Orange", "issn" : "1433-7177", "key" : "hauser_structuringapokalypse:_2006" }, { "issn" : "00221546", "number" : "5", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Sep. - Oct., 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 Ohio State University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Bloland, Harland G.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/2943935", "uri" : "urn:13d846cc3bd769357c18d25c0457bf67", "label" : "Postmodernism and Higher Education", "keywords" : [ "Baudrillard", "{Jean", "Bloland", "} Harland", "decentering of {self", "deconstruction", "delegitimization", "Derrida", "} {Jacques", "Foucault", "} Michel", "indeterminacy of {language", "Lyotard", "} {Jean-Francois", "modernism", "postmodernism} and higher education", "primacy of discourse" ], "pages" : "521--559", "year" : "1995", "journal" : "The Journal of Higher Education", "abstract" : "The concepts of four poststructuralist/postmodern authors {(Derrida,} Foucault, Lyotard, and Baudrillard) are examined in terms of their implications for higher education and the academy\'s values of merit, community, and autonomy. Twelve reactions to postmodern thought are presented. A summary of postmodernism\'s legacy for higher education concludes the discussion.", "volume" : "66", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/2943935", "date" : "1995-10", "month" : "October", "key" : "harland_g._bloland_postmodernism_1995" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/college_literature/v030/30.2geyh.html", "journal" : "College Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:21c04da5d62168093de140c64673a954", "pages" : "1--29", "date" : "2003", "number" : "2", "author" : "Geyh, Paula.", "keywords" : [ "Baudrillard", "Jean", "cultural {postmodernism", "DeLillo", "} {Don", "Jameson", "} {Fredric", "Lyotard", "Pynchon", "} Thomas", "teaching postmodernist {literature", "The} Crying of Lot {49", "The} Precession of Simulacra", "visual {arts", "White} Noise" ], "volume" : "30", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2003", "note" : "30.2, Spring 2003", "label" : "Assembling Postmodernism: Experience, Meaning, and the Space {In-Between}", "issn" : "1542-4286", "key" : "geyh_assembling_2003" }, { "issn" : "{0092055X}", "number" : "4", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Oct., 1995 / Copyright ???? 1995 American Sociological Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Jr., Clayton W. Dumont", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1319160", "uri" : "urn:3f43be6f3aa7dc2d22106ee4c8af7067", "label" : "Toward a Multicultural Sociology: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom", "keywords" : [ "authentic representations of {cultures", "Dumont} Jr", "{Clayton", "epistemology", "Judeo-Christian} theology", "multiculturalism", "multisensory experience", "ontology", "pedagogical strategies", "sociology", "subject/object dichotomy" ], "pages" : "307--320", "year" : "1995", "journal" : "Teaching Sociology", "abstract" : "In this paper I argue that any serious attempt to move sociology toward a viable multiculturalism will require an interrogation of the fundamental and historical forces at work in Western epistemological traditions. I focus on two such major historical forces: the Platonic subject/object separation and {Judaeo-Christian} theology. I argue that postmodern criticism is of great utility in furthering this interrogation, and I criticize some of the simplistic caricatures of postmodernism promoted by its opponents. The second half of the paper is a detailed description of pedagogical strategies that are designed to make these issues available to undergraduate students.", "volume" : "23", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/1319160", "date" : "1995-10", "month" : "October", "key" : "clayton_w._dumont_jr._towardmulticultural_1995" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/pedagogy/v006/6.2digirhet.html", "journal" : "Pedagogy", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:5bcec71a85f06d5b749e9f27946ab78e", "pages" : "231--259", "date" : "2006", "number" : "2", "author" : "{DigiRhet.org.}", "keywords" : [ "critical engagement", "digital rhetoric", "digital writing", "pedagogy of multiliteracies", "practical application assignments", "technological literacy", "writing" ], "volume" : "6", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2006", "note" : "Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 2006", "label" : "Teaching Digital Rhetoric: Community, Critical Engagement, and Application", "issn" : "1533-6255", "key" : "digirhet.org._teaching_2006" }, { "publisher" : "Bergin \\& Garvey Paperback", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:56aa8ccf90ad61ff96e9cc466da2423e", "date" : "1998-04", "author" : [ "Blake, Nigel", "Smeyers, Paul", "Smith, Richard", "Standish, Paul" ], "keywords" : [ "Blake", "{Nigel", "Derrida", "} Jacques", "educational theory", "linguistic relativist", "national curriculum" ], "month" : "April", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1998", "isbn" : "0897895126", "label" : "Thinking Again: Education After Postmodernism", "key" : "blake_thinking_1998" }, { "issn" : "00071005", "number" : "1", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Mar., 1996 / Copyright ???? 1996 Society for Educational Studies", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Blake, Nigel", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3121703", "uri" : "urn:4283320e8527c5c20a75caa47fa57bfd", "label" : "Between Postmodernism and {Anti-Modernism:} The Predicament of Educational Studies", "keywords" : [ "{anti-modernism", "autonomy", "Blake", "} Nigel", "educational {studies", "instrumentalism", "Lyotard", "modernism", "problems", "secularisation", "traditionalism}" ], "pages" : "42--65", "year" : "1996", "journal" : "British Journal of Educational Studies", "abstract" : "The paper highlights the urgent and radical questions and problems which postmodernism poses for educational studies in general, and the philosophy of education in particular. First, it outlines and interrelates the legacies of modernism in social and cultural theory. Next, it describes the reactionary anti-modernism of the Right, and contrasts this with traditionalism. It is argued that the current political and economic context of education is largely anti-modernist, not traditionalist. The stirrings of radical doubts about modernism are described and contrasted with the antimodernism of the Right. A salient theme to this point is the variety of conceptions of the relationship between knowledge and power. Mature postmodernism is characterised centrally in terms of a reconceptualisation of that relationship. The metamorphosis of the concept of the self in postmodernism is described and related to new problems about ethics and a newly emerging importance for the aesthetic. Finally, the paper argues that while the fundamental issues for philosophy of education are unchanged - problems about instrumentalism and various issues of autonomy - these are radically recast in postmodernism, and present new difficulties.", "volume" : "44", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/3121703", "date" : "1996-03", "month" : "March", "key" : "blake_between_1996" }, { "url" : "http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93_docs/BECK.HTM", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:1801fc614096563d0fb631331fb25ff6", "keywords" : [ "Beck", "Clive", "dialogical", "education", "forms of scholarship", "postmodernist {pedagogy", "Reality", "students}" ], "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}In} this article, Beck discusses the broad relationship between pedagogy and postmodernist philosophy. In examining both the strengths and weakesses of postmodern theory, Beck is able to come to the conlcusion that postmodernist thought helps educators view knowledge as value dependent, culture dependent, and changeable. Therefore, instead of adapting to a metanarrative concerning a universal philosophy of education, Beck is proposing a truly democratic learning environment, where the focus is on learning in a \"dialogical\" environment. Hence, students are encouraged to contribute to the discussion as opposed to \"absorbing\" knowledge passively, without critical thinking or creativity.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "type" : "Publication", "howpublished" : "{http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93\\_docs/BECK.HTM}", "label" : "Beck / {POSTMODERNISM,} {PEDAGOGY,} {AND} {PHILOSOPHY} {OF} {EDUCATION}", "key" : "_beck_????" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v004/4.3reid.html", "journal" : "Theory \\& Event", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:6f78f2b01dc0feb00159063c610bfe83", "date" : "2000", "number" : "3", "author" : "Reid, Alexander.", "keywords" : [ "Alhusser", "cultural critique", "cultural studies", "free action", "ideological {interpellation", "Reid", "} Alexander", "student resistance" ], "volume" : "4", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2000", "note" : "Volume 4, Issue 3, 2000", "label" : "Free Action or Resistance: Cultural Critique in the Classroom", "issn" : "{1092-311X}", "key" : "reid_free_2000" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/review_of_higher_education/v022/22.3davies.html", "journal" : "The Review of Higher Education", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:63ccfc04eea553e16027e967350d8233", "pages" : "315--330", "date" : "1999", "number" : "3", "author" : "Davies, John.", "keywords" : [ "Davies", "John", "information {technology", "Lyotard", "postmodernism", "poststructuralism", "sociological} {study", "U.S.} higher education" ], "volume" : "22", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1999", "note" : "Volume 22, Number 3, Spring 1999", "label" : "Postmodernism and the Sociological Study of the University", "issn" : "1090-7009", "key" : "davies_postmodernism_1999" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v003/3.3yoder.html", "journal" : "portal: Libraries and the Academy", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:6a47d40dafb70bbb90d5245144e39d14", "pages" : "381--392", "date" : "2003", "number" : "3", "author" : "Yoder, Amanda R.", "keywords" : [ "academic {library", "cyborg", "Haraway", "} Donna", "local narratives", "performativity of {knowledge", "postmodernism", "Yoder", "} Amanda" ], "volume" : "3", "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}This} article discusses the influence of postmodernism on the academic library, which is an histroically modern institution. Yoder discusses this impact in light of three main influences: the rise of local narratives over metanarratives, the performativity of knowledge, and the concept of the librarian as cyborg-- an embodiment of Donna Haraway\'s vision of a human-machine hybrid. Yoder discusses the impact of postmodernism on the production and performativity of knowledge through te cyborg librarian--namely, to perform a largely social function by providing \"consumers of information\" wih research materials.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater} {\\textless}p{\\textgreater}????{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2003", "note" : "Volume 3, Number 3, July 2003", "label" : "The Cyborg Librarian as Interface: Interpreting Postmodern Discourse on Knowledge Construction, Validation, and Navigation within Academic Libraries", "issn" : "1530-7131", "key" : "yoder_cyborg_2003" }, { "url" : "http://www.xenos.org/ministries/crossroads/doteduc.htm", "pub-type" : "misc", "uri" : "urn:6f2c69a407e4b3b30dc548ad2e4c1622", "keywords" : [ "constructivism", "diversity", "dominant culture", "intuition in education", "student-centered classroom", "systemic bias", "teacher-centered classroom" ], "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}This} somewhat dated article (1996) published by Xenos Christian Fellowship online provides a basic introduction to the impact of postmodernism on the American educational system. Authors {DeLashmutt} and Braund introduce a few key postmodern educational concepts including the constructvism of knowledge based on subjctive agendas and the uneven power structure in the classroom, the teacher-centered classroom as opposed to the student-centered classroom, and the imposition of the dominant white culture on minorities in the classroom.????{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}{\\textless}small{\\textgreater}{\\textless}span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"{\\textgreater} {\\textless}/span{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/small{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "type" : "Publication", "howpublished" : "http://www.xenos.org/ministries/crossroads/doteduc.htm", "label" : "Postmodernism and You: Education", "key" : "_postmodernism_????" }, { "issn" : "00181560", "comment" : "{{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}The} article discusses the use of postmodern philosophy in the study and analysis of comparative higher education. Tierny first critiques the concept of modernism by discussing the tenets of postmodernism. Then, the author discusses the implications of postmodernism in researching comparative higher education. In doing so, the author outlines five tenets of postmodernism that revolve around alternative ways of thinking about knowledge production and identity construction: 1. knowledge and social construction, 2. power/persuasion 3. identity and the intellectual, 4. acceleration and discontinuity, 5. the death of the nation-state. The main idea of the article is that postmodernism offers another approach to higher education research, most notably through: 1. heterogeneity, 2. engaging with the other, 3. method and knowing.???? Tierny concludes by offering suggestions about how postmodernism might reorient the work of comparative higher education research and possibly liberate the university from the \"bureucratic arm of the unipolar capitalist system.\"{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}", "number" : "4", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Jun., 2001 / Copyright ???? 2001 Springer", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Tierney, William G.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3448129", "uri" : "urn:8035c51f47365663aa8d48587b21951e", "label" : "The Autonomy of Knowledge and the Decline of the Subject: Postmodernism and the Reformulation of the University", "keywords" : [ "autonomy of knowledge", "comparative higher {education", "Identity", "production} of knowledge", "reformulation of the {university", "Tierny", "} William" ], "pages" : "353--372", "year" : "2001", "journal" : "Higher Education", "abstract" : "The article pertains to how one might employ postmodern assumptions in the study and analysis of comparative higher education. The text first critiques the idea of modernism by way of a discussion about postmodernism. The author then analyzes the implications of postmodernism for comparative higher education research. In doing so, the author outlines five tenets of postmodernism that revolve around alternative ways of thinking about knowledge production and identity construction. The premise of the text is that postmodernism offers a different interpretation from modernism about the twin ideas of knowledge and identity. The author concludes by offering suggestions about how postmodernism might reorient the work of comparative higher education research. Accordingly, the goal of the text is to delineate competing conceptions of reality with regard to knowledge production, identity, and the role of the university.", "volume" : "41", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/3448129", "date" : "2001-06", "month" : "June", "key" : "tierney_autonomy_2001" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083337", "journal" : "Annual Review of Sociology", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:3b50a3909bb5230a1a908bee34839949", "pages" : "105--131", "date" : "1991", "author" : "Agger, Ben", "keywords" : [ "critical theory", "media", "poststructuralism", "sociology" ], "volume" : "17", "doi" : "10.2307/2083337", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: 1991 / Copyright ???? 1991 Annual Reviews", "abstract" : "This article examines the main theoretical contributions of critical theory, poststructuralism and postmodernism. It is argued that these three theories offer related perspectives on the shortcomings of positivism as well as new ways to theorize and study contemporary societies. Empirical and conceptual applications of these perspectives in sociological research are discussed. Some of these applications include work in the sociology of deviance, gender, media and culture. Finally, implications of these three theoretical perspectives for the ways sociologists think about the boundaries and territoriality of their discipline are discussed.", "label" : "Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism: Their Sociological Relevance", "issn" : "03600572", "key" : "agger_critical_1991" }, { "issn" : "00202754", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: 1990 / Copyright ???? 1990 The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers)", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Burgess, Jacquelin", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/622861", "uri" : "urn:3a721ccc7d7f0ba9429c4d7bdbf83b63", "label" : "The Production and Consumption of Environmental Meanings in the Mass Media: A Research Agenda for the 1990s", "keywords" : [ "communications", "cultural studies", "environment", "media" ], "series" : "New Series", "pages" : "139--161", "year" : "1990", "journal" : "Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers", "abstract" : "In this paper, the case is made for an agenda of geographical research based on the mass media of communications. The argument is advanced that the media are an integral part of a complex cultural process through which environmental meanings are produced and consumed. Applying theoretical perspectives developed in cultural studies, evidence from a range of case studies is presented to demonstrate the ways in which environmental meanings are encoded in different forms of media texts and decoded by the different groups who comprise the audiences. It is argued that physical and human geographers could usefully collaborate in research with both producers and consumers of media texts, so as to better understand contemporary discourses about human-environment relations.", "volume" : "15", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/622861", "date" : "1990", "key" : "burgess_production_1990" }, { "url" : "http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/college_literature/v030/30.2carpenter.html", "journal" : "College Literature", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:3bc5feb3517f3fde1598cbd277ea5874", "pages" : "30--50", "date" : "2003", "number" : "2", "author" : "Carpenter, Lucas.", "keywords" : [ "literature", "postmodernism", "vietnam war", "war fiction" ], "volume" : "30", "comment" : "Carpenter describes fiction in the post vietnam era. Describes the war\'s influence on fiction and on information with regards to postmodernism.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2003", "note" : "30.2, Spring 2003", "label" : "{\"It} Don\'t Mean Nothin\'\": Vietnam War Fiction and Postmodernism", "issn" : "1542-4286", "key" : "carpenter_it_2003" }, { "issn" : "00045608", "comment" : "essay describes television as the new central gather place of culture. social networks are changing with regards to television and media", "number" : "1", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Mar., 1992 / Copyright ???? 1992 Association of American Geographers", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Adams, Paul C.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/2563539", "uri" : "urn:81e95e1c9c81d41888365e61f1982b22", "label" : "Television as Gathering Place", "keywords" : [ "consumption", "cultural studies", "media", "modernity", "television" ], "pages" : "117--135", "year" : "1992", "journal" : "Annals of the Association of American Geographers", "abstract" : "An examination of television as a center of meaning and as a social context supports the concept of a place without a location. Similar ideas have appeared in media theory since the 1960s, but have not been the subject of geographic research. Comparison of television with other media, including books, radio, and film, reveals that it is uniquely place-like. Television functions as a social context, providing sensory communion and social congregation; it also functions as a center of meaning, helping a society define \"us\" and \"them,\" conferring value on persons and objects, and, possibly, supporting hegemonic social control. A comparison of television and certain architectural structures identifies similarities and differences that may be related to long-term historical changes in society.", "volume" : "82", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/2563539", "date" : "1992-03", "month" : "March", "key" : "adams_television_1992" }, { "publisher" : "British Film Institute", "lccn" : "P90", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:90e31ee9e16504017fc51ddfcf2b1136", "pages" : "171", "date" : "1993", "author" : "Smith, Anthony", "keywords" : [ "Information {society", "Information} {technology", "MASS} {media", "Social} aspects" ], "comment" : "Smith describes the influence of the media in the postmodern age. Books to bytes relates the rise of new technology and the move away from mass production to high technology.", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0851704018", "label" : "Books to Bytes: Knowledge and Information in the Postmodern Era", "address" : "London", "key" : "smith_books_1993" }, { "publisher" : "Oxford University Press", "lccn" : "{PN98.P67} E87 1993", "pub-type" : "book", "uri" : "urn:fc60716cc6c6410f18d5b37c219a8396", "pages" : "352", "date" : "1993", "author" : [ "Amiran, Eyal", "Unsworth, John" ], "keywords" : [ "20th {century", "History} and {criticism", "Literature", "} {Modern", "Postmodernism}" ], "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1993", "isbn" : "0195087526", "label" : "Essays in Postmodern Culture", "address" : "New York", "key" : "amiran_essays_1993" }, { "issn" : "00016993", "comment" : "Essay raises question of postmodernism is a break from modernism or is it a continuation of modernism. Is it an epoch? Attempts to universally define Postmodern in terms of culture, economics, politics and architecture.", "number" : "1", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: 1990 / Copyright ???? 1990 Sage Publications, Ltd.", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Simonsen, Kirsten", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4200779", "uri" : "urn:b56d2c003dca8540023cd3be82a51b1d", "label" : "Planning on {\'Postmodern\'} Conditions", "keywords" : [ "architecture", "media", "postmodern", "urbanism" ], "pages" : "51--62", "year" : "1990", "journal" : "Acta Sociologica", "abstract" : "The aim of the paper is to expose the social and political dialectics of planning and urban development under \'postmodern\' conditions. First, the different meanings of the term \'postmodernism\' are discussed, and it is argued that notwithstanding the problems and the ambiguities of the concept, the debate calls attention to important contemporary social and cultural transformations. These are described as an interrelated development of on the one hand the socio-economic structure connected to a \'postfordist model of accumulation\', and on the other the cultural discourse in art, architecture and social philosophy. The specification of this transformative development in relation to the planning discourse, planning praxis and urban structure is explored, and the paper ends up with a discussion of a possible critical moment localized in the postmodern emphasis on \'otherness\'.", "volume" : "33", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/4200779", "date" : "1990", "key" : "simonsen_planningpostmodern_1990" }, { "issn" : "00286087", "comment" : "The postmodern condition implies pleasure for cash and mass consumption, but love is a value that remains beyond the market. Love becomes more important because it cannot be bought, which intensifies its metaphysical character. It is beginning to represent presence, transcendence, and even immortality. She notes that postmodernity, and Derrida\'s work in particular, holds a skeptical attitude toward metaphysics, but no amount of skepticism does away with desire.", "number" : "3", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: 25th Anniversary Issue {(Part} 1) / Full publication date: Summer, 1994 / Copyright ???? 1994 The Johns Hopkins University Press", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Belsey, Catherine", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/469473", "uri" : "urn:6cbf46b59c35411acff16c05e0c2a1f9", "label" : "Postmodern Love: Questioning the Metaphysics of Desire", "keywords" : [ "{Belsey", "Jacques} Derrida", "love", "saussure", "sex" ], "pages" : "683--705", "year" : "1994", "journal" : "New Literary History", "volume" : "25", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/469473", "date" : "1994", "key" : "belsey_postmodern_1994" }, { "issn" : "07311214", "comment" : "The article discusses four central constructs of the postmodern perspective: the decline of a universal standard for family organization, growing cultural diversity, and mass media. These constructs are tested using an analysis of census data and the {NORC} General Social Survey. Mixed results were found for the forth construct which relates variance in personal happiness or personal family life satisfaction. This study looks at the realities of contemporary American social organization, cultural values of family life, habits and attitudes of Americans, and the modified postmodern perspective.", "number" : "2", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: 1998 / Copyright ???? 1998 Pacific Sociological Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Jacques, Jeffrey M.", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1389483", "uri" : "urn:ee383feb141a4823c84170a6fb130969", "label" : "Changing Marital and Family Patterns: A Test of the {Post-Modern} Perspective", "keywords" : [ "Cultural {Diversity", "Jacques", "marriage", "mass} media", "nuclear family" ], "pages" : "381--413", "year" : "1998", "journal" : "Sociological Perspectives", "volume" : "41", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/1389483", "date" : "1998", "key" : "jacques_changing_1998" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1566448", "journal" : "Diacritics", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:615886969779c1342426687efada4b40", "pages" : "135--151", "date" : "2002", "number" : "3/4", "author" : "Kaufman, Eleanor", "keywords" : [ "Alain Badiou", "family {values", "Jacques} {Lacan", "Kaufman", "love}" ], "volume" : "32", "doi" : "10.2307/1566448", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "2002", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Ethics / Full publication date: Autumn - Winter, 2002 / Copyright ???? 2002 The Johns Hopkins University Press", "label" : "Why the Family Is Beautiful {(Lacan} against Badiou)", "issn" : "03007162", "key" : "kaufman_family_2002" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/1354226", "journal" : "Cultural Critique", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:cebfc128583b7f4d35fb02071c74eae0", "pages" : "153--188", "date" : "1991", "number" : "20", "author" : "Medovoi, Leerom", "keywords" : [ "{aesthetics", "Andy} {Warhol", "Fredric} {Jameson", "Medovoi", "Vincent} van Gogh" ], "comment" : "The article discusses Fredric Jameson\'s 1984 essay {\"Postmodernism,} or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,\" where he compares Vincent Van Gogh\'s {\"Peasant} Shoes\" and Andy Warhol\'s {\"Diamond} Dust Shoes.\" The former is representative of high culture, whereas the other is an example of pop culture or mass culture. The article argues that Jameson does not ask whether postmodernism necessitates an explanation as \"a moment when the relationships between different cultural categories (if not the categories themselves) are being rearticulated.\" The article argues that if we were to trace the ascent of mass culture in postwar American, we would find examples of the Great Divide\'s dissolution: rock music.", "doi" : "10.2307/1354226", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1991", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Winter, 1991-1992 / Copyright ???? 1991 University of Minnesota Press", "label" : "Mapping the Rebel Image: Postmodernism and the Masculinist Politics of Rock in the U. S. A.", "issn" : "08824371", "key" : "medovoi_mappingrebel_1991" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/827810", "journal" : "Social Text", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:31d32ddae521a212e694cea443645fdc", "pages" : "83--104", "date" : "1989", "number" : "21", "author" : [ "Fraser, Nancy", "Nicholson, Linda" ], "keywords" : [ "{Criticism", "feminism", "Fraser} and {Nicholson", "Jean-Francois} Lyotard", "philosophy" ], "doi" : "10.2307/827810", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1989", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Universal Abandon? The Politics of Postmodernism / Full publication date: 1989 / Copyright ???? 1989 Duke University Press", "label" : "Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter between Feminism and Postmodernism", "issn" : "01642472", "key" : "fraser_social_1989" }, { "issn" : "07352751", "comment" : "This article challenges contemporary social theories that regard sexual (romantic) intimacy as a site of detraditionalization in the late modern era. There has been various changes in intimacy and family life that are not accounted for in the notion of detraditionalization. The article makes a distinction between \"regulative\" and \"meaning-constitutive\" traditions. Regulative deals with exclusion from various moral communities, whereas meaning-constitutive involves linguistic and cultural frameworks. While in the regulative tradition lifelong, internally stratified marriage has declined, but the image of couplehood in this tradition still acts as a hegemonic ideal in American relationships.", "number" : "3", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Sep., 2005 / Copyright ???? 2005 American Sociological Association", "type" : "Publication", "author" : "Gross, Neil", "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/4148875", "uri" : "urn:051e12aa978841d82367c390b79ac25d", "label" : "The Detraditionalization of Intimacy Reconsidered", "keywords" : [ "{family", "Gross", "linguistic} and cultural frameworks", "love", "marriage" ], "pages" : "286--311", "year" : "2005", "journal" : "Sociological Theory", "abstract" : "This essay challenges those strains of contemporary social theory that regard romantic/sexual intimacy as a premier site of detraditionalization in the late modern era. Striking changes have occurred in intimacy and family life over the last half-century, but the notion of detraditionalization as currently formulated does not capture them very well. With the goal of achieving a more refined understanding, the article proposes a distinction between \"regulative\" and \"meaning-constitutive\" traditions. The former involve threats of exclusion from various moral communities; the latter involve linguistic and cultural frameworks within which sense is made of the world. Focusing on the {U.S.} case and marshaling various kinds of empirical evidence, the article argues that while the regulative tradition of what it terms lifelong, internally stratified marriage has declined in strength in recent years, the image of the form of couplehood inscribed in this regulative tradition continues to function as a hegemonic ideal in many American intimate relationships. Intimacy in the United States also remains beholden to the tradition of romantic love. That these meaning-constitutive traditions continue to play a central role in structuring contemporary intimacy suggests that detraditionalization involves the relative decline only of certain regulative traditions, a point that calls into question some of the normative assessments that often accompany the detraditionalization thesis.", "volume" : "23", "pub-type" : "article", "doi" : "10.2307/4148875", "date" : "2005-09", "month" : "September", "key" : "gross_detraditionalization_2005" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/3175026", "journal" : "Signs", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:0a81f672e4042d132eefb7c0ac32795f", "pages" : "830--869", "date" : "1996", "number" : "4", "author" : "Walters, Suzanna Danuta", "keywords" : [ "family {life", "feminism", "homosexuality", "signify", "Walters}" ], "volume" : "21", "doi" : "10.2307/3175026", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1996", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Issue Title: Feminist Theory and Practice / Full publication date: Summer, 1996 / Copyright ???? 1996 The University of Chicago Press", "label" : "From Here to Queer: Radical Feminism, Postmodernism, and the Lesbian Menace {(Or,} Why Can\'t a Woman Be More like a Fag?)", "issn" : "00979740", "key" : "walters_here_1996" }, { "url" : "http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/818342", "journal" : "The English Journal", "pub-type" : "article", "uri" : "urn:6a6289caee9c5da3458ad85d4aa4d99b", "pages" : "60--63", "date" : "1992", "number" : "1", "author" : "Shapiro, Steven G.", "keywords" : [ "{education", "family", "marriage", "Shapiro", "values}" ], "volume" : "81", "doi" : "10.2307/818342", "type" : "Publication", "year" : "1992", "note" : "{ArticleType:} primary\\_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1992 / Copyright ???? 1992 National Council of Teachers of English", "label" : "Teaching Modernism and Postmodernism in a Values Elective", "issn" : "00138274", "key" : "shapiro_teaching_1992" }, { "label" : "Geyh, Paula.", "type" : "Author", "uri" : "urn:pg:311c8d9989f0c65c6c18a328bf6f7094153ef8eb:Geyh%2C+Paula.", "original-name" : "Paula. Geyh", "last-name" : "Geyh" }, { "label" : "{DigiRhet.org.}", "type" : "Author", "uri" : "urn:pg:311c8d9989f0c65c6c18a328bf6f7094153ef8eb:%7BDigiRhet.org.%7D", "original-name" : "{DigiRhet.org.}", "last-name" : "{DigiRhet.org.}" }, { "label" : "Guin, Ursula K. Le", "type" : "Author", "uri" : "urn:pg:311c8d9989f0c65c6c18a328bf6f7094153ef8eb:Guin%2C+Ursula+K.+Le", "original-name" : "Ursula K. Le Guin", "last-name" : "Guin" }, { "label" : "Diehl, William C.", "type" : "Author", "uri" : "urn:pg:311c8d9989f0c65c6c18a328bf6f7094153ef8eb:Diehl%2C+William+C.", "original-name" : "William C. 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