callback({
	"items" :      [
		{
			"journal" :  "Utah Historical Quarterly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:a1597139f047fa5a99549bc4abdd8236",
			"pages" :    "212-230",
			"date" :     "1984",
			"author" :   "MacKinnon, William P.",
			"volume" :   "52",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1984",
			"label" :    "125 Years of Conspiracy Theories: Origins of the Utah Expedition of 1857-1858",
			"key" :      "mackinnon_125_1984"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Congress",
			"pub-type" :  "misc",
			"uri" :       "urn:fbe879b3cea4964c7e38dcd0fc0b0b39",
			"date" :      "1857",
			"author" :    "Buchanan, James",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1857",
			"abstract" :  "President\'s proclamation as a part of the House Executive Documents.",
			"label" :     "A Proclamation",
			"key" :       "buchanan_proclamation_1857"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "unpublished",
			"uri" :      "urn:6f4c92020d8ee9a921ce2317e45548be",
			"pages" :    "70",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"author" :   "Buchanan, James",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "House Executive Document, 35th Congress, 2nd Session",
			"label" :    "A Proclamation by James Buchanan, President of the United States of America",
			"key" :      "buchanan_proclamation_1858"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Oxford University Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:b7005fdf96d95104d7d4d61f507e9b37",
			"date" :      "1990",
			"author" :    "Stampp, Kenneth M.",
			"year" :      "1990",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"abstract" :  "Stampp argues that 1857 marked the climax of the pro-slavery South\'s political power; it was a year dominated by the issue of slavery in the Federal territories. The Lecompton Convention for Kansas Territory comprises the bulk of the study. Stampp adds no more than 10 pages to Utah territorial affairs.",
			"label" :     "America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink",
			"address" :   "New York and Oxford",
			"key" :       "stampp_america_1990"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Oklahoma Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:56c301487454aa564b5e50332294887a",
			"date" :      "2002",
			"author" :    "Bagley, Will",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "2002",
			"abstract" :  "In Blood of the Prophets, Will Bagley provides an extension to Juanita Brooks??????s classic 1950 study on the Mountain Meadows massacre. In so doing, the author seeks to answer the crucial questions of this event: what did Brigham Young know, when did he know it, and why would he have to send orders not the massacre the emigrant train? The author answers these questions thoroughly to present a more controversial interpretation of the 1857 event and its aftermath than did Brooks. Blood of the Prophets argues that Brigham Young meant exactly what he said in his bellicose speeches. Further, the author introduces new evidence that identifies Young and other church authorities as accessories before the fact, directly responsible for the horrible massacre. Bagley argues that the religious fanaticism of Brigham Young and other Mormons was the principle cause for the murder of 120 men, women, and children. Through a gripping writing style, the author demonstrates that Brigham Young was the principle figure orchestrating the massacre. Bagley also depicts George A. Smith, another church authority, as an accessory before the fact in arranging the destruction of the Fancher party. In so doing, Bagley removes any blame from the emigrants themselves, whom he suggests were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. Bagley conducted extensive research on the fiery speeches that Brigham Young used to incite the Mormon community; as well as minutes of prayer meetings, diary and journal entries, trial records, government documents, contemporary newspaper accounts, and other eyewitness accounts to provide a detailed political, legal, and cultural context for the event. Bagley logically argues that Brigham Young??????s religious fanaticism created fervor amongst the Mormon faithful. Bagley presents extraordinary research, consulting previously unavailable resources. Dimick Huntington??????s journal, for instance, provides Bagley what he refers to as troubling new evidence that reveals Brigham Young??????s direction and involvement prior to the massacre. This journal provides first-hand accounts of an Indian interpreter for Brigham Young as Young gave direction to kill the emigrants. With such evidence, Bagley confidently states that the journal reveals, ??????that the atrocity was not a tragedy but a premeditated criminal act initiated in Salt Lake City?????? (p. 378). In addition, Bagley discusses the coordinated cover up of the massacre. Bagley asserts, ??????so little authentic material about the massacre survives that it suggests a concerted official effort to eliminate any mention of the subject in Mormon annals ?????? (this) reflects remarkable self-censorship?????? (xvi). Although his research is near impeccable, Bagley judiciously notes that the history for this event remains suspect and divisive because of the inadequate evidence available. No historian makes this point clearer than Bagley does. Bagley states, ??????Reliable history requires accurate data. In the case of Mountain Meadows, we have a record irrevocably colored by dubious folklore and corrupted by perjury, false memory, and the destruction of key documents?????? (xvi). The incomplete nature of the evidence allows historians more room to speculate and manipulate those sources. Some reviewers felt that Bagley went too far here, leaving too much to conjecture. For instance, historian Lawrence G. Coates notes that Will Bagley makes a fundamental error in his use of sources. Coates concludes that, ??????He assumes that the army officers, judges, political appointees, and outsiders were honest investigators, while the Mormon participants tended to lie or make evasive statements to protect the prophet.?????? Furthermore, Coates claims that Bagley adds words to primary sources in order to shape his interpretation. While at times it does seems that he relies on speculation where the evidentiary base is quiet, Bagley makes a convincing and logical argument that he bases in available evidence. The highly divisive nature of the history of this event creates an emotional arena where scholars sometimes forget the scruples of the historian??????s craft. This is clear from reviews and other writing about the book since its publication. In this work, Bagley seems to have astutely employed sources to demonstrate his arguments and speculate reasonably based on his extensive research. Nevertheless, many, typically those historians associated influenced by faith, have lambasted Bagley for going beyond the sources. ",
			"label" :     "Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows",
			"key" :       "bagley_blood_2002"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-3931\\%28196123\\%2925\\%3A3\\%3C121\\%3A\\%22BTUW1\\%3E2.0.CO\\%3B2-L",
			"journal" :  "Military Affairs",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:d0c85026e606bbfa599774ba861df139",
			"pages" :    "121-131",
			"date" :     "1961",
			"author" :   [
				"Poll, Richard D",
				"Hansen, Ralph W"
			],
			"keywords" : [
				"James Buchanan",
				"Military Campaigns",
				"Mormon Resistance"
			],
			"volume" :   "25",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1961",
			"label" :    "\"Buchanan\'s Blunder\" The Utah War, 1857-1858",
			"issn" :     "00263931",
			"key" :      "poll_buchanans_1961"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Arthur H. Clark, Co.",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:b2734d547a62febcb198416a4d64197e",
			"date" :      "1992",
			"author" :    "Moorman, Donald R.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1992",
			"abstract" :  "This work analyzes the sojourn of Johnston\'s Army in Utah Territory. It depicts the relationships, encounters, and interactions between the U.S. forces and and the local Mormon population. Also, it recounts Indian affairs in Utah and the activities of federal officials in Utah during the late 1850s and early 1860s. Moorman proceeds to tell the story of the demise of Mormon exclusivity and control in the region from the Army??????s arrival in 1858 to their departure in 1861. Camp Floyd, built in July 1858 by the U.S. troops shortly after their march through Salt Lake City, became an acknowledged symbol of federal authority (p. 81). It also brought with it a new, more widespread element of vice to the region, with gaming and drinking on the scale of any other frontier boomtown (p. 74). The presence of outsiders in the primarily insular Mormon communities proved a double-edged sword for the Mormons as they found their economic interests bolstered, but their religious and cultural freedom diminished. Moorman also details the several conflicts between Mormons, the army, and the region\'s Native American as well as the government\'s deep exploration of the region through the troops and surveying parties (pp. 156-162). Overall, Moorman\'s research provides an intriguing investigation into 1850s Utah and the cultural clash that occurred with the Army\'s arrival. Moorman cements his study in primary research in newspapers, personal diaries from Mormons and U.S. troops, the LDS Journal History, manuscript collections, and government documents. Although there are no sources from the Native American perspective, the author does his best to allow the many people of the book to speak for themselves often in long, unadulterated quotes. The author also blends secondary materials where needed. ",
			"label" :     "Camp Floyd and the Mormons: The Utah War",
			"key" :       "moorman_camp_1992"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=724265122\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:79efcd4a49bf7e4fa7f9beea4de8d873",
			"pages" :    "0\\_1",
			"date" :     "1858-02",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"James Buchanan",
				"Johnston\'s Army",
				"Troop Movement"
			],
			"month" :    "February",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "Despatches from Col. Johnson---The President\'s Message.",
			"key" :      "despatches_1858"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:393b47f40f1260b5acced4b0c00d4535",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Despatches from the Utah Military Expedition",
			"key" :      "despatches_1857"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "page 4 column A",
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:53d40c8d255c14d58f83240b8727db11",
			"date" :     "1857-03",
			"month" :    "March",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "Dreadful State of Affairs in Utah",
			"key" :      "dreadful_1857"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column E, Page 2",
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:3fd0db963e677f1212c2b4b3c99950d7",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"author" :   "Hyde, John",
			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Elder Hyde on the Mormon Question",
			"key" :      "hyde_elder_1857"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Journal of Mormon History",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:f215b3a1fcc9be56e284f71b445ccb71",
			"pages" :    "186-248",
			"date" :     "2003",
			"author" :   "MacKinnon, William P.",
			"volume" :   "29",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "2003",
			"label" :    "Epilogue to the Utah War: Impact and Legacy",
			"key" :      "mackinnon_epilogue_2003"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Signature Books",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:782d2c462aedc19adefd5b3350fde91f",
			"date" :      "1988",
			"author" :    "Campbell, Eugene E.",
			"year" :      "1988",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"abstract" :  "Published posthumously, Eugene Campbell\'s study provides an evenhanded account of the Mormon attempt to build a religious empire in the West through the lenses of confrontation and colonization. A native of Tooele, Utah, Campbell earned a bachelor\'s and master\'s degree at the University of Utah before moving to the University of Southern California where he completed his Ph.D. dissertation in 1952 on the history of the Mormon Church in California. Campbell later gained employment with the Brigham Young University\'s history faculty in 1956, remaining there until he retired in 1980. A productive historian, he authored or co-authored several books, including The United States: An Interpretive History (1964), Fort Bridger: Island in the Wilderness (1975), and Fort Supply: Brigham Young\'s Green River Experiment (1976). In 1973, Campbell earned much recognition from the Mormon history community with his article \"Brigham Young\'s Outer Cordon: A Reappraisal,\" in the Utah Historical Quarterly, which won both the Mormon History Association Best Article Award for that year and the Utah State Historical Society\'s Dale L. Morgan Award for the best scholarly article. Another of Campbell??????s contributions came as he helped found the Mormon History Association. In Establishing Zion, no central thesis or argument jumps out at the reader, but the book operates on a premise that Mormons development revealed non-conformity to the Turnerian idea of the frontier experience of democratic, self-reliant individuals. Such originality precipitated much of the colonization and confrontation they encountered as they became more theocratic and group oriented. Through topically arranged chapters, the author reveals his penchant for political and social history as he follows the political currents and social factors that contributed to and shaped the first twenty years of Mormonism in the Great Basin. Campbell\'s analysis examines Mormon social structures, Mormon-Indian relations, Mormon-federal government relations, and Mormon-Gentile relations during this era. Overall, it is a fine synthesis on Mormonism\'s early development. One particularly interesting aspect of this book comes through Campbell\'s discussion of the political and social processes developing in Mormonism. Here the author provides intriguing analysis that backs his assertions concerning the non-Turnerian mode of the Mormons. In examining church doctrines, practices, and its social structure, the reader learns that Mormonism, in its early years, developed as a communal system and centralized organizational structure that explored, colonized, and defended its position in the inter-Mountain West. Such a system differed greatly from the larger American model and became the practical foundations for a unique Mormon culture. As Mormons developed their inner and outer colonies and as their population grew, systemic measures also grew in importance in order to maintain social, political, and economic cohesion. Therefore, Campbell demonstrates that the Church instituted a variety of programs in its early years to achieve these ends (p. 135). ",
			"label" :     "Establishing Zion: The Mormon Church in the American West, 1847-1869",
			"address" :   "Salt Lake City",
			"key" :       "campbell_establishing_1988"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "book",
			"uri" :      "urn:31bbb2693a93a2f8e3919b5b02ef7088",
			"date" :     "1998",
			"author" :   "Bigler, David L.",
			"keywords" : [
				"Federal Government",
				"Theocracy",
				"Utah Expedition",
				"1857-1858"
			],
			"year" :     "1998",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "David Bigler re-introduces readers to a variety of people, places, trends, and battles of territorial Utah in this stimulating account. After Utah achieved statehood in 1896, it seems that history largely forgot those struggles and reasons for the struggles to attain statehood, but fortunately, the author brings many those aspects of territorial Utah back under the historian\'s lens. Bigler, a graduate from the University of Utah and now independent historian residing in Roseville, California, has devoted himself to the study of Utah and western history since his retirement in 1986 from the U.S. Steel Corporation. He has written or edited several works in the field including Fort Limhi: The Mormon Adventure in Oregon Territory, 1855-1858, Gold Discovery Journal of Azariah Smith, Army of Israel: Mormon Battalion Narratives, and most recently a superb article in the Western Historical Quarterly titled \"The Aiken Party Executions and the Utah War, 1857-1858\" published in the Winter 2007 issue. Investigating its theocratic past, Bigler argues that one can only understand Utah\'s territorial history within the context of Mormon millennialism. The Kingdom of God planned by the Mormon leadership, envisioned superseding all governments, including and perhaps most especially the United States government, placing them in eminent conflict. The Mormon theocracy vaulted aspirations for Mormon independence as to prepare for the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, which influenced all aspects of territorial life (35). Bigler describes the proposed State of Deseret as a clear demonstration of Mormon designs for future expansion and as close as the Mormons would come to realizing their culturally exclusive dream of empire and independence (47-48). Within the context of Mormon millennial expectations, the author describes the positives and negatives of Utah\'s territorial past. Among the topics he illustrates are Utah\'s Indian wars, the religious Reformation of 1856 and the zealotry it created, the Mormon rebellion and federal response in 1857, the Mountain Meadows Massacre, the \"Ghost Government,\" and the demise of the Kingdom of God through the Polygamy trials. For Bigler, nothing escaped the operations and impact of the theocratic government Utah, which caused strained relations with any non-Mormon in Utah, particularly federal government officials, Indians, and emigrants. Bigler interweaves the contrasting views of Mormons and non-Mormons concerning American attempts to control the region and the conflict that ensued. Especially interesting is his discussion of California Volunteer General Patrick Connor who as early as 1863 promoted the rush of an industrious, American population to Utah to settle peaceably the Mormon question through mining in the Territory (241). Non-Mormon men and women such as Connor helped loosen the Mormon Kingdom\'s grip on the region, allowing outsiders to infiltrate in pushing Utah toward being an acceptable member of the American society. In his review on the book, Newell G. Bringhurst notes that the book is informative and insightful particularly concerning the chronicling of Mormonism\'s militant millennialism. He suggests that Mormon millennial expectations were particularly strong at three critical junctures. They include the 1857 dispatching west of federal troops in response to charges of Mormon insurrection, the American Civil War ?????? \"a conflict which Mormons viewed in apocalyptic terms,\" and intense federal prosecution of the Latter-day Saints for their practice of plural marriage and its wake in 1890 through 1891. Here, Bringhurst has clearly identified Bigler??????s primary points of departure in describing the transitions of the Mormon theocracy. The author performed excellent research and basis his study well in documentary evidence. As a result, the book is heavy in detail. The evidence comes from an outstanding blend of Mormon sources, newspapers, scriptural references, and federal government documents. Bigler adds interesting and informative analysis to the documents in explaining the Mormon kingdom, federal responses to the kingdom, and other perspectives on the Mormon-United States struggle. Unfortunately for the reader, the author\'s problematic organization, where moves not so seamlessly from topic to topic, and the sometimes-awkward prose can make this intriguing book difficult to read. Additionally, while this reviewer does not necessarily agree, Bringhurst faults Bigler in his review for failing to place the story of the Mormon conflict within the larger context of the story of the American republic as the book claims at the outset. Bigler tells of the Mormon church leader\'s efforts to establish an independent and theocratic kingdom of God in the West. He also depicts the resulting struggle with national republican ideology and the federal government.",
			"label" :    "Forgotten Kingdom: The Mormon Theocracy in the American West, 1847-1896",
			"key" :      "bigler_forgotten_1998"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725373742\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:4121d4965e1c1af00eb36302a1b36fb2",
			"pages" :    "0\\_3",
			"date" :     "1857-09",
			"keywords" : [
				"Mail",
				"Mormons"
			],
			"month" :    "September",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "FROM UTAH.",
			"key" :      "utah._1857"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725368142\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:8a42ed23377faadee5f7d09f3de6136c",
			"pages" :    "0\\_2",
			"date" :     "1857-09",
			"keywords" : "Chicago Tribune",
			"month" :    "September",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "From Washington.",
			"key" :      "washington._1857"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725427012\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"id" :       "b24123ce1c4c893d61caf78c7972ecae",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:b24123ce1c4c893d61caf78c7972ecae",
			"pages" :    "0\\_1",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"keywords" : "Chicago Tribune",
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "From Washington.",
			"key" :      "washington._1857-1"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Illinois Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:cdfa5ddf3a7015e0e35e406bc0fec0ee",
			"pages" :     "214",
			"date" :      "2006",
			"author" :    "Kerstetter, Todd M.",
			"keywords" :  [
				"Federal Government",
				"History",
				"Religion",
				"United States",
				"Utah Expedition",
				"1857-1858"
			],
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "2006",
			"abstract" :  "Three case studies that examine how and why three different religious groups failed to find a peaceful existence in a supposedly tolerant nation and region. One religious group analyzed is the Mormons and the tumultuous 1850s.",
			"label" :     "God\'s Country, Uncle Sam\'s Land: Faith and Conflict in the American West",
			"key" :       "kerstetter_gods_2006"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Harvard Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:e50ee09b6bbe35990d5d035828341b26",
			"date" :      "1958",
			"author" :    "Arrington, Leonard J.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1958",
			"abstract" :  " At a time when scholarship on Mormons remained divided, Leonard J. Arrington??????s work in Great Basin Kingdom bridged the gap between Mormon and anti-Mormon polemics. Constructing a persuasive and critically sympathetic work, Arrington depicts the broad implications of Mormon economic activities and their influences on the burgeoning west. As a trained economist, the author envelops his study with an interdisciplinary approach to include theology, sociology, and anthropology as he provides a fine economic history of the Great Basin situating it within the overall economic story of the American West. The author clearly argues and describes how the Mormons created a co-operative and self-sufficient commonwealth, before eventually needing to adjust to the highly integrated and market oriented capitalist economy of the modern American society. Mormons employed theocratic control to create autonomy from a world that was politically hostile, but also to minimize exterior disturbing influences as economic inequality, economic monopoly in private hands, and the social problems characteristic of the Gentile nation. Arrington calls Mormon economic policies peculiarly American (p. 62). The Mormons consciously employed an eighteenth-century New England economic and social atmosphere in the midst of a tumultuous nineteenth-century West that proved more interested in pursuing individual fortunes. While their antiquated ideals may have been typical of Americans of the 1830s and earlier, they were unique in the American West as individualism and growing capitalism reigned supreme (p. 63). Arrington argues that from the earliest days, the Mormons came near to being the most avowedly materialist of all the Christian sects because Mormonism did not separate its spiritual matters from man\'s daily life, everything was connected (p. 6). Mormons were idealists that would consecrate their properties to remain on equal footing with other church members. These Mormons lacked the individualistic frontier experience, therefore the church leadership found it expedient to maintain tight control and organization in order for survival and growth. The frontier communitarianism, centrally planned economy, cooperative endeavors, and common economic ideals, Arrington suggests, were required for survival and the building of the Kingdom of God in the Great Basin. Through these ideals, Mormons could settle and build their remote village with economic independence. Arrington reveals through meticulous detail that Mormon survival necessitated a high degree of cooperative activity in all phases of life ?????? colonization, public works, agricultural economy, construction of railroads, and the establishment of cooperative mercantile ?????? and all remained bound up with church leadership. What is perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this history is that the on several occasions suspect external forces appear at the most opportune moments to save Mormon Utah financially. Whether as individual wealth seekers passing through, the arrival of the Army during the Utah War, or the emergence of the Mining frontier, the outsiders enabled the Mormons to gain profits when they needed them most. Unfortunately, as Arrington describes, Utah\'s isolated experiment truly begins to falter as more outsiders arrive and as Mormons grow more reliant on them for their economy, particularly following the arrival of the transcontinental railroad. While the Mormons, due to their economic and social organization, were able to withstand the onslaught of the American economy for approximately two decades after 1869, they eventually surrendered on the issues of polygamy, political control, and economic intervention (p. 256 \\& 380). Ultimately, Arrington reveals in this case study, the significance of centralized decision-making and economic regulation and there consequences for twentieth-century economic planning in the West and the United States in general. ",
			"label" :     "Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-Day Saints, 1830-1900",
			"key" :       "arrington_great_1958"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Congress",
			"pub-type" :  "misc",
			"uri" :       "urn:3b2c354b1ab19b0b91d15c3478258830",
			"date" :      "1858",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1858",
			"abstract" :  "This document consists of over 200 pages of correspondence, testimony, and reports concerning the Utah affair.",
			"label" :     "House Executive Document, No. 71, 35th Congress, 1st Session - The Utah Expedition",
			"key" :       "house_1858"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:c5dffd703485f9eb7390adab251fe2a0",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Important from the Utah Expedition",
			"key" :      "important_1857"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Boston Daily Advertiser",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:9839f5a9ad834d67c18e137deede0e10",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"edition" :  "141",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "Interesting from the Utah Expedition",
			"key" :      "interesting_1857"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=724332052\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:d1d3cdff86d961e9f7b2d135436a83a4",
			"pages" :    "0\\_3",
			"date" :     "1858-05",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"James Buchanan",
				"Mormon Resistance"
			],
			"month" :    "May",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "Interesting from Utah.",
			"key" :      "interesting_1858"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column D",
			"journal" :  "The Weekly Raleigh (N.C.) Register",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:855ee03de2f0881565714af8dc540b44",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"edition" :  "10",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "Interesting News from the Utah Expedition",
			"key" :      "interesting_1858-1"
		},
		{
			"label" :    "John Bagley Record Book",
			"key" :      "bagley_john",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"pub-type" : [
				"unpublished",
				"Record Book"
			],
			"author" :   "Bagley, John",
			"uri" :      "urn:542086f9b16b6261502a9d87d99af8d6"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : [
				"unpublished",
				"Journal"
			],
			"uri" :      "urn:be06a67b5f4be8e3ac942cde10450f86",
			"date" :     "1850-09",
			"month" :    "September",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1850",
			"label" :    "Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
			"address" :  "Salt Lake City",
			"key" :      "journal_1850"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725430162\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:7afa686396dd0b7f84c1c3329af80c8e",
			"pages" :    "0\\_1",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"author" :   "OBSERVER",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"Mormons"
			],
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Latest Mormon News.",
			"key" :      "latest_1857"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Circular (1851-1870)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:92f53bb1e35045be020c85bd0329ef59",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"volume" :   "6",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "This article writes that the London Times has discussed the Mormon Question and the government\'s plans for their suppression. \"It hopes that the Mormons will decide upon a migration before they are involved in the calamities of war.\"",
			"label" :    "Latest News",
			"key" :      "latest_1858"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column C",
			"journal" :  "The Weekly Raleigh (N.C.) Register",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:1861efbcd1549f037de28f65a3292986",
			"date" :     "1857-05",
			"month" :    "May",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "Letter from Utah Territory - More Violence and Bloodshed by Mormons",
			"key" :      "letter_1857"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Utah Historical Quarterly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:40aa15f1a5a428a52affee4f89bf2c5e",
			"date" :     "2003",
			"author" :   "MacKinnon, William P.",
			"volume" :   "71",
			"year" :     "2003",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "Like Splitting a Man Up His Backbone: The Territorial Dismemberment of Utah, 1850-1896",
			"key" :      "mackinnon_like_2003"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "unpublished",
			"uri" :      "urn:818276590f551149bb09f24704ba2028",
			"date" :     "1858-02",
			"month" :    "February",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "Message in the Congressional Globe.",
			"label" :    "Message of Andrew Johnson",
			"address" :  "Washington",
			"key" :      "message_1858"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : [
				"unpublished",
				"government document"
			],
			"uri" :      "urn:dfa60fdacd820513d86b12159c73bd18",
			"pages" :    "407",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "Message from the Congressional Globe",
			"label" :    "Message of Robert Toombs",
			"address" :  "Washington",
			"key" :      "message_1858-1"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "book",
			"uri" :      "urn:0fcd977bc3763b7ef649cea22eb00c5f",
			"date" :     "1911",
			"author" :   "Richardson, James D.",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1911",
			"label" :    "Messages and Papers of the Presidents",
			"address" :  "Washington",
			"key" :      "richardson_messages_1911"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Illinois Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:d75b4045dd58de155553b59b52742d22",
			"date" :      "1981",
			"author" :    "Sessions, Gene A.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1981",
			"label" :     "Mormon Thunder: A Documentary History of Jedediah Morgan Grant",
			"address" :   "Urbana, IL",
			"key" :       "sessions_mormon_1981"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Graham\'s American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:c9d976b93cd95007f9152a6378247b0f",
			"date" :     "1853-05",
			"author" :   "Peterson, Charles J.",
			"volume" :   "42",
			"month" :    "May",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1853",
			"label" :    "Mormonism and the Mormons",
			"key" :      "peterson_mormonism_1853"
		},
		{
			"id" :       "523aef4d02920d18f9b8221c2d096601",
			"journal" :  "American Phrenological Journal",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:523aef4d02920d18f9b8221c2d096601",
			"date" :     "1857-09",
			"volume" :   "27",
			"month" :    "September",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Mormonism and the Mormons",
			"key" :      "mormonism_1857"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Illinois Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:267275b79eb30e16a0f817c8ed0a8cf8",
			"date" :      "1987",
			"author" :    "Shipps, Jan",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1987",
			"label" :     "Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition",
			"address" :   "Urbana, IL",
			"key" :       "jan_shipps_mormonism:_1987"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "D. Appleton and Company",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:cc20937fbbe90aa2ec870e5478c4800e",
			"date" :      "1866",
			"author" :    "Buchanan, James",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1866",
			"label" :     "Mr. Buchanan\'s Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion",
			"address" :   "New York",
			"key" :       "buchanan_mr._1866"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Illinois Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:a1e178ec1f1db99878c2208602de4a3e",
			"date" :      "1966",
			"author" :    [
				"Kirk",
				"Porter, Donald",
				"Johnson"
			],
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1966",
			"label" :     "National Party Platforms",
			"address" :   "Urbana, IL",
			"key" :       "porter_and_johnson_national_1966"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://segonku.unl.edu/{\\textasciitilde}brogers/sources/Brigham\\_Young\\_Proclamation.html",
			"pub-type" : "unpublished",
			"uri" :      "urn:9d50ea25173e0e51f4477925b2055eac",
			"date" :     "1857-09",
			"author" :   "Young, Brigham",
			"month" :    "September",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "This proclamation officially instituted martial law in Utah Territory.",
			"label" :    "Proclamation by the Governor",
			"address" :  "Salt Lake City",
			"key" :      "young_proclamation_1857"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725428552\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:beb4d39e500a801db2305fa16de7e5ee",
			"pages" :    "0\\_2",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"Mormon Resistance",
				"Utah Expedition"
			],
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "PROGRESS OF THE UTAH EXPEDITION.",
			"key" :      "progress_1857"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Weber State College Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:2b1a8effbbff945082dbbc590890d690",
			"date" :      "1985",
			"author" :    "Poll, Richard D",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1985",
			"label" :     "Quixotic Mediator: Thomas L. Kane and the Utah War",
			"address" :   "Oden, Utah",
			"key" :       "poll_quixotic_1985"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "The Western Historical Quarterly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:1c063874e9514f580743fff95248ce12",
			"pages" :    "7-26",
			"date" :     "2003",
			"author" :   "West, Elliott",
			"volume" :   "34",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "2003",
			"label" :    "Reconstructing Race",
			"key" :      "elliott_west_reconstructing_2003"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "misc",
			"uri" :      "urn:2967c312c64ab44371948d33077582b5",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"abstract" : "This is a report from the War Deparment to Congress, House Executive Document No. 2, 35th Congress, 1st session",
			"label" :    "Report of the Secretary of War",
			"key" :      "report_1857"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Himan Stein, Printer",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:47359911c326346527a4f345b6d5d662",
			"date" :      "1934",
			"author" :    "Auchampaugh, Philip Gerald",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1934",
			"label" :     "Robert Tyler: Southern Rights Champion, 1847-1866: A Documentary Study Chiefly of Antebellum Politics",
			"address" :   "Duluth, MN",
			"key" :       "auchampaugh_robert_1934"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column B",
			"journal" :  "San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:7a94ef4a8e8d39c850a7f0291acb5123",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"edition" :  "62",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "Some Considerations on the Utah Imbroglio - The Mormon Question",
			"key" :      "considerations_1857"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "unpublished",
			"uri" :      "urn:472d91051fc8f7cdd78295f42a6d9a76",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"author" :   "Seward, William H.",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "From the Congressional Globe, containing the debates and proceedings of the first session of the Thirty Fifth Congress",
			"label" :    "Speech of William H. Seward",
			"address" :  "Washington",
			"key" :      "seward_speech_1858"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=220392991\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "National Era (1847-1860)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:9c1c40d1608de423e5688b53241e253c",
			"pages" :    "116",
			"date" :     "1857-07",
			"volume" :   "VOL. XI.",
			"month" :    "July",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "SQUATTER SOVEREIGNTY ABANDONED BY ITS FATHER.",
			"key" :      "squatter_1857"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-www.historycooperative.org.library.unl.edu/journals/whq/38.4/bigler.html",
			"journal" :  "The Western Historical Quarterly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:99d28f1688aabaecac179ff7b8e3454b",
			"date" :     "2007",
			"author" :   "Bigler, David L.",
			"volume" :   "38",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "2007",
			"label" :    "The Aiken Party Executions and The Utah War, 1857??????1858",
			"key" :      "bigler_aiken_2007"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\\&db=ahl\\&AN=A000537958.01\\&site=ehost-live",
			"journal" :  "Journal of America\'s Military Past",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:7f7289fa4e8c33d5ab7b16d827792027",
			"pages" :    "74-89",
			"date" :     "2002",
			"author" :   "Parks, Donald",
			"keywords" : [
				"Armies",
				"Federal Government"
			],
			"volume" :   "29",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "2002",
			"note" :     "Accession Number: A000537958.01. Entry Number: 41:3618. Period: 1857-58",
			"label" :    "THE ARMY OF THE MORMON WAR, 1857-1858.",
			"key" :      "parks_army_2002"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brink-of-war.html",
			"pub-type" : "misc",
			"uri" :      "urn:9a5914d5202116904541ced81c62e3ab",
			"author" :   "Roberts, David",
			"keywords" : [
				"Mormon Resistance",
				"Utah Expedition",
				"1857-1858",
				"Young",
				"Brigham"
			],
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "Army marched into Utah prepared to battle Brigham Young and his Mormon militia. ",
			"label" :    "The Brink of War {\\textbar} History \\& Archaeology {\\textbar} Smithsonian Magazine",
			"key" :      "roberts_brink"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "The Free Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:ebbea21dc440c17c23318b201d3ef28a",
			"date" :      "1948",
			"author" :    "Nichols, Roy F.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1948",
			"label" :     "The Disruption of American Democracy",
			"address" :   "New York",
			"key" :       "nichols_disruption_1948"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=724339672\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:9552849e29e8d822bc192460c50d590d",
			"pages" :    "0\\_2",
			"date" :     "1858-05",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"Mormons",
				"Utah Expedition"
			],
			"month" :    "May",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "The End of the ... War.",
			"key" :      "end_1858"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Yale University Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:a80e8b24ec3ac610bcbbcb7b6205cf9c",
			"date" :      "1966",
			"author" :    "Lamar, Howard Roberts",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1966",
			"label" :     "The Far Southwest, 1846-1912: A Territorial History",
			"key" :       "lamar_far_1966"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:06420c755a54bd16ec2ce8e52bf92f9a",
			"date" :     "1857-03",
			"month" :    "March",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Kansas Trouble - The Powers and the Duty of the President",
			"key" :      "kansas_1857"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column C",
			"journal" :  "Washington D.C. Daily National Intelligencer",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:f24d93c6d8c4826838a0f271e2dfc459",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"month" :    "December",
			"edition" :  "14",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Military Expedition to Utah",
			"key" :      "military_1857"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "book",
			"uri" :      "urn:d93331ddf7868cdbc7581ffc74cb6774",
			"pages" :    "Yale University Press",
			"date" :     "1960",
			"author" :   "Furniss, Norman F.",
			"keywords" : [
				"Federal Government",
				"James Buchanan",
				"Johnston\'s Army",
				"United States",
				"Utah Expedition",
				"1857-1858"
			],
			"year" :     "1960",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "This work represents one of the first scholarly accounts of the Utah Expedition and the strained relationship between the Mormons and the United States federal government. In this book\'s preface the author notes that 1857 was a busy year for Americans and in that year among other important national events, the Utah Expedition began. Norman F. Furniss provides a political history of the causes, decisions, and themes of the conflict that pitted the United States federal government against the Mormon occupants of Utah Territory. The Mormon Conflict represents Furniss\'s second and final book project, following up his first highly touted work of 1954, The Fundamentalist Controversy, 1918-1931. Furniss taught history at Colorado State University during the 1950s and early 1960s. He has been described as an outstanding intellectual, prominent scholar, and exemplary teacher. In this study, Furniss investigates the official case against the Mormons, exploring the tenuous Mormon-federal government relations at the highest political levels. He discusses strategies and reasoning from both sides during the 1850s. Anti-Mormon public opinion in the eastern states, negative relationships between non-Mormon Utah territorial officials and the larger Mormon population, and violent language coming out of the Mormon reformation period urged the federal government to exercise political and judicial power against the supposed insidious and treasonous purposes of the Mormons in Utah (88 \\& 93). Furniss describes that these combination of factors in Utah brought to the fore the ultimate question of political authority in the Utah territory. Did the federal government reign politically supreme or was it the Mormon Church? Furniss suggests that this vital question remained unanswered by 1859. He states, \"True, the presence in the governor??????s office of a Gentile sympathetic to the Saints promised to reduce tension. But Buchanan had appointed to most of the other important civil posts men who were as ready as W. W. Drummond had been to use their power against the people\" (205). Ultimately, Furniss posits that the only true difference between conditions before the war and after was the addition of a new and complicating factor: a large military garrison stationed, at the time, permanently. Furniss presents his study through interpretation of his broad and deep research in primary sources such as official correspondence, government documents, and newspaper accounts as well as secondary materials. The author also provides an interesting and informative bibliographical essay that is important to read for those investigating the Mormon conflict. While the book??????s scope encompasses the crucial periods leading up to the Expedition and immediate consequences, the author gives little credence to the national context and its bearing on the event. Problems in Kansas, the financial panic of 1857, and the slavery problem receive but the briefest of mention. Furniss states that he will investigate a critical phase of early Mormon history to \"reveal something of their beliefs, their manner of behavior, their virtues, and their shortcomings\" (viii). Because he does not place this phase of history into a larger context, the author allows the event??????s significance to remain overshadowed. In his review, Marvin S. Hill seems to concur. Hill states, \"What might have made a provocative study of the growing conflict during the fifties (as suggested in the preface) between nationality and locality becomes largely a cataloging of the personal imperfections of prominent Mormons and Gentiles. In this process some of the significance of the affair is lost.\" ",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Conflict, 1850-1859",
			"key" :      "furniss_mormon_1960"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=776832792\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Flag of Our Union (1854-1870)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:a9b0d6cab742a4df6df19bab059f960c",
			"pages" :    "332",
			"date" :     "1857-10",
			"volume" :   "12",
			"month" :    "October",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "THE MORMON DELUSION.",
			"key" :      "mormon_1857"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Alfred A. Knopf",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:0f1da76e51e877c751512edf2884aa65",
			"date" :      "1979",
			"author" :    [
				"Arrington, Leonard J.",
				"Bitton, Davis"
			],
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1979",
			"label" :     "The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints",
			"address" :   "New York",
			"key" :       "leonard_j._arrington_and_davis_bitton_mormon_1979"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "New York Herald",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:608f0311fe6edd0e240c0302b0b966d2",
			"date" :     "1857-05",
			"month" :    "May",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question",
			"key" :      "mormon_1857-1"
		},
		{
			"id" :       "49a560a6eaaa9dd9933f8fc08e97e547",
			"chapter" :  "Column A",
			"journal" :  "Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:49a560a6eaaa9dd9933f8fc08e97e547",
			"date" :     "1857-06",
			"month" :    "June",
			"edition" :  "343",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question",
			"key" :      "mormon_1857-2"
		},
		{
			"id" :       "1606e08dc9353e084679cb79b645ffe3",
			"chapter" :  "Column A",
			"journal" :  "North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia, PA)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:1606e08dc9353e084679cb79b645ffe3",
			"date" :     "1857-06",
			"month" :    "June",
			"edition" :  "20",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question",
			"key" :      "mormon_1857-3"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Utah Historical Quarterly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:a4b747fb9320eadf1679e286662ff2a9",
			"date" :     "1957",
			"author" :   "Poll, Richard D",
			"volume" :   "25",
			"year" :     "1957",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question Enters National Politics, 1850-1856",
			"key" :      "poll_mormon_1957"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=776341942\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Circular (1851-1870)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:bdf4ee0124da5fc047b64d7382bb4492",
			"pages" :    "2",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"author" :   "LP, T",
			"volume" :   "7",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question.",
			"key" :      "lp_mormon_1858"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=776311552\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"id" :       "8958c892d219a847da85874a6a2cbc93",
			"journal" :  "Circular (1851-1870)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:8958c892d219a847da85874a6a2cbc93",
			"pages" :    "30",
			"date" :     "1855-03",
			"volume" :   "4",
			"month" :    "March",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1855",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Question.",
			"key" :      "mormon_1855"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=852408762\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Christian Advocate and Journal (1833-1865)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:f6f127e84f331bd1430ece6c3f0875d2",
			"pages" :    "114",
			"date" :     "1855-07",
			"volume" :   "30",
			"month" :    "July",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1855",
			"label" :    "THE MORMON QUESTION.",
			"key" :      "mormon_1855-1"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "The University of North Carolina Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:e04fe3970812e29e30a136472751e9c5",
			"date" :      "2002",
			"author" :    "Gordon, Sarah Barringer",
			"year" :      "2002",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"abstract" :  "Gordon focuses on polygamy in examining the Mormon question from 1852, the Mormon Church\'s public announcement of its practice, to 1890, when the Church officially abandoned and denounced the practice. This conflict left a legacy in constutional law and American political theory: \"Americans are free to believe, but they may not be free to act on their beliefs.\" ",
			"label" :     "The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth Century America",
			"address" :   "Chapel Hill and London",
			"key" :       "gordon_mormon_2002"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Journal of Mormon History",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:e435a3b8a16e0b6cfd5c0dc95be8768f",
			"pages" :    "59-88",
			"date" :     "1989",
			"author" :   "Peterson, Paul H.",
			"volume" :   "15",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1989",
			"label" :    "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality",
			"key" :      "peterson_mormon_1989"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Harper\'s Weekly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:5a79ba58e0a2d5099235e8c5511bcbea",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormon War",
			"key" :      "mormon_1857-4"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "San Francisco Daily Bulletin",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:9e1731406c4c44339c68813d4a31a5f3",
			"date" :     "1858",
			"edition" :  "82",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "The Mormon War Question, \'W.W.\' Versus \'Hawkeye\'",
			"key" :      "mormon_1858"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=725431572\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:3eb4d0e0c8093c25166166ddfc15634c",
			"pages" :    "0\\_2",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"author" :   "BALEXANDER, E",
			"keywords" : [
				"Chicago Tribune",
				"Military Campaigns",
				"Mormons"
			],
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "THE MORMON WAR.",
			"key" :      "balexander_mormon_1857"
		},
		{
			"chapter" :  "Column B",
			"journal" :  "The Nauvoo Expositor",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:1d32930aaab248017b11fedc39e14d3e",
			"date" :     "1844-06",
			"month" :    "June",
			"edition" :  "1",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1844",
			"label" :    "The Mormons",
			"key" :      "mormons_1844"
		},
		{
			"id" :       "a011eb0178bc217b310acba57aba331b",
			"journal" :  "Harper\'s Weekly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:a011eb0178bc217b310acba57aba331b",
			"pages" :    "1",
			"date" :     "1857-04",
			"month" :    "April",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormons",
			"key" :      "mormons_1857"
		},
		{
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			"journal" :  "Flag of Our Union (1854-1870)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:9c6d1f7d5baade86eaa06b09b8aaa61a",
			"pages" :    "220",
			"date" :     "1857-07",
			"volume" :   "12",
			"month" :    "July",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "THE MORMONS AGAIN.",
			"key" :      "mormons_1857-1"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=824122442\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "The Albion, A Journal of News, Politics and Literature (1822-1876)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:60eb98f997babbbf3cf7979539a56925",
			"pages" :    "559",
			"date" :     "1857-11",
			"volume" :   "35",
			"month" :    "November",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Mormons Defiant.",
			"key" :      "mormons_1857-2"
		},
		{
			"pub-type" : "book",
			"uri" :      "urn:6847c7e70c1c05a725baf3eaf0c3c8c6",
			"pages" :    "Leland Stanford Junior University",
			"date" :     "1950",
			"author" :   "Brooks, Juanita",
			"year" :     "1950",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"abstract" : "For Mormons, this subject had always been taboo, something better left forgotten or unacknowledged. While a devout Mormon, Juanita Brooks, a direct descendent of massacre participant Dudley Leavitt, undertook a massive research and writing project to tell the truth about this horrible crime. In so doing, Brooks permanently made this event one of importance in the historical consciousness, for Mormons and for non-Mormons. The author received much ecclesiastical discouragement from the Mormon church during this project, as many did not want to see it completed. Nevertheless, Brooks believed that the truth is always better and should be told and remembered. In The Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brooks employs an interpretive framework regarding the Mormons psychological state that includes economics, politics, religious fervor, and the fear of the marching federal army. Her study, therefore, is primarily a history and study of the social psychology of mob violence. The author argues that, through the framework already noted, several interrelated circumstances lead to the creation of a mass hysteria amongst the Mormons creating an unstable atmosphere throughout Utah Territory. The Mountain Meadows Massacre posits that church leaders were accessories after the fact in obstructing justice, by noting that no real evidence exists that could implicate authorities before the massacre (p. 61). Brooks carefully analyzes the setting and the war hysteria through superb research of the participants\' correspondence, government correspondence, eyewitness accounts, court testimonies, military records, and affidavits to make her argument. The author remains true to the sources, providing a near documentary history of the massacre. In so doing, Brooks presents a strong chronology of events. For instance, she describes in depth the messenger James Haslam??????s ride to Salt Lake City from Cedar City to receive direction on how to handle the emigrants. Brooks??????s timeline of this ride and the message Haslam obtained from Brigham Young argue for the leader??????s lack of complicity in the massacre (p. 142). Brooks argues that while church authorities Brigham Young and George A. Smith \"did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions which made it possible\" (219). The author further suggests that the overland travelers possessed poor attitudes toward the Mormons, which provoked added violence (219). Still, Brooks concludes that responsibility for the incident falls squarely on the Mormons, yet she does not hold anyone in particular accountable, attributing the collective hysteria as the primary cause for the massacre. In the aftermath of the massacre, Brigham Young and other church leaders chose to sacrifice John D. Lee, a major participant in the massacre, as a scapegoat to remove them from all responsibility. Brooks suggests that Young and other leaders spuriously destroyed evidence in a large-scale cover up in order to remove themselves from implication. According to Brooks, placing all the responsibility on Lee could lift the stigma from the Mormon Church because to \"air the whole story would have done injury to the church\" (p. 220). Brooks\'s final chapter unveils how the church\'s secrecy and the horror of the crime led to the creation of legends, myths, folklore, and songs. The Mountain Meadows Massacre no longer stands alone in the historiography of this event, but it certainly marks the jumping off point for study not only of the massacre, but also for study in the social conditions of Utah surrounding the Utah Expedition. Brooks??????s path breaking work has benefited scholars now for decades. One contemporary reviewer noted that this is an important study illustrating how a social group can protect itself by suppressing the truth. Brooks helped uncover aspects to that truth concerning the 1857 massacre. ",
			"label" :    "The Mountain Meadows Massacre",
			"key" :      "brooks_mountain_1950"
		},
		{
			"url" :      "http://0-proquest.umi.com.library.unl.edu/pqdweb?did=220393951\\&Fmt=7\\&clientId=14215\\&RQT=309\\&VName=HNP",
			"journal" :  "National Era (1847-1860)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:e69ec84b0a0d98b65d2d4c2b3d7f7580",
			"pages" :    "124",
			"date" :     "1857-07",
			"volume" :   "VOL. XI.",
			"month" :    "July",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "THE NORTHERN PRESS.",
			"key" :      "northern_1857"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Harper\'s Weekly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:21dd8de9917aad6ea0de6fb9cee49655",
			"date" :     "1858-02",
			"month" :    "February",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"label" :    "The Peril of the Utah Expedition",
			"key" :      "peril_1858"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University Press of Kansas",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:49fed2e4f3ab5182c796004db07c7f4f",
			"date" :      "1975",
			"author" :    "Smith, Elbert B.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1975",
			"label" :     "The Presidency of James Buchanan",
			"address" :   "Lawrence, KS",
			"key" :       "smith_presidency_1975"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Harper\'s Weekly",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:ba8800c68771dcddc13aa573fde4d713",
			"pages" :    "1",
			"date" :     "1857-07",
			"month" :    "July",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "The Question of the Mormons",
			"key" :      "question_1857"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Illinois Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:3c37a72628a68225ba4c3058508acaf6",
			"date" :      "1981",
			"author" :    "Long, E.B.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1981",
			"label" :     "The Saints and the Union: Utah Territory during the Civil War",
			"address" :   "Urbana, IL",
			"key" :       "long_saints_1981"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "Utah State University Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:8b6a5729548a54ae10900ccc991a431c",
			"date" :      "1987",
			"author" :    "Morgan, Dale L.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1987",
			"abstract" :  "State of Deseret is a regional legal and social history of the genesis of civil government in the Rocky Mountain region. This government was unique and based on a unique form of desired self-government.",
			"label" :     "The State of Deseret ",
			"key" :       "morgan_state_1987"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "University of Pennsylvania Press",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:9bfb31232ed7b02880a65dc65fb8b6f9",
			"date" :      "1947",
			"author" :    "Pomeroy, Earl S.",
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1947",
			"label" :     "The Territories and the United States, 1861-1890",
			"address" :   "Philadelphia",
			"key" :       "pomeroy_territories_1947"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Nebraska History",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:3e46c0474456f3dd1981224bb1cf101e",
			"pages" :    "159",
			"date" :     "1954-09",
			"author" :   "Nichols, Roy F.",
			"volume" :   "35",
			"month" :    "September",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1954",
			"label" :    "The Territories: Seedbeds of Democracy",
			"key" :      "nichols_territories:_1954"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia, PA)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:6d4d7b52c81a81ee273c49827d02e245",
			"date" :     "1858-06",
			"month" :    "June",
			"edition" :  "23",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "The Utah Expedition",
			"key" :      "utah_1858"
		},
		{
			"journal" :  "Daily Missouri Republican (St. Louis, MO)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:f82f7e5e80c01b6311b5d08f0035cb21",
			"date" :     "1858-11",
			"month" :    "November",
			"edition" :  "257",
			"year" :     "1858",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"label" :    "The Utah Expedition - Vindication of Gen. Johnston from the Assaults of His Enemies",
			"key" :      "utah_1858-1"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "A. H. Clark Co",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:b0fabf681b9dbc91734f3a382db26c48",
			"pages" :     "375",
			"date" :      "1958",
			"author" :    [
				"Hafen, Le Roy Reuben",
				"Hafen, Ann (Woodbury)"
			],
			"keywords" :  [
				"History",
				"Utah",
				"Utah Expedition",
				"1857-1858"
			],
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1958",
			"label" :     "The Utah Expedition, 1857-1858; a Documentary Account of the United States Military Movement Under Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and the Resistance by Brigham Young and the Mormon Nauvoo Legion",
			"address" :   "Glendale, Calif",
			"key" :       "hafen_utah_1958"
		},
		{
			"publisher" : "New Hampshire historical society",
			"pub-type" :  "book",
			"uri" :       "urn:0c9b1c31dc1acfa1066269767af839e0",
			"pages" :     "442",
			"date" :      "1928",
			"author" :    "Gove, Jesse A",
			"keywords" :  [
				"History",
				"Military Campaigns",
				"Mormons",
				"New York herald",
				"Utah"
			],
			"type" :      "Publication",
			"year" :      "1928",
			"label" :     "The Utah Expedition, 1857-1858; Letters of Capt. Jesse A. Gove, 10th Inf., U. S. A. ... to Mrs. Gove,and Special Correspondence of the New York Herald",
			"address" :   "Concord, N.H",
			"key" :       "gove_utah_1928"
		},
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			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
			"pub-type" : "article",
			"uri" :      "urn:29c0106cbaa5435cd8c39cf42153e7d6",
			"pages" :    "0\\_1",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
			"keywords" : [
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				"Johnston\'s Army",
				"Military Campaigns",
				"Troop Movement"
			],
			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Utah Expedition.",
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		},
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			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
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			"pages" :    "0\\_1",
			"date" :     "1857-12",
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			"month" :    "December",
			"type" :     "Publication",
			"year" :     "1857",
			"label" :    "The Utah Expedition.",
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			"journal" :  "Chicago Daily Tribune (1847-1858)",
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